A region-based selective optical flow back-projection for genuine motion vector estimation

Motion vector plays one significant feature in moving object segmentation. However, the motion vector in this application is required to represent the actual motion displacement, rather than regions of visually significant similarity. In this paper, region-based selective optical flow back-projection (RSOFB) which back-projects optical flows in a region to restore the region's motion vector from gradient-based optical flows, is proposed to obtain genuine motion displacement. The back-projection is performed based on minimizing the projection mean square errors of the motion vector on gradient directions. As optical flows of various magnitudes and directions provide various degrees of reliability in the genuine motion restoration, the optical flows to be used in the RSOFB are optimally selected based on their sensitivity to noises and their tendency in causing motion estimation errors. In this paper a deterministic solution is also derived for performing the minimization and obtaining the genuine motion magnitude and motion direction.     

Inverse Analysis of Axisymmetrical Compression of HSLA Steel

The objective of the present work is to further explore the problem of selection of the flow stress function which will give the best agreement with experiments for a wide range of the Zener‐Hollomon parameter. Analysis of various flow stress functions was performed, with particular emphasis on the Zerilli‐Armstrong model. Inverse analysis was successfully applied to identify the flow stress model for microalloyed steels deformed in ferrite, two‐phase and austenite regions. Inverse method is applied to interpret the results of the axisymmetrical compression tests performed for HSLA steel samples on a Gleeble 3800 and Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar. Sensitivity analysis is performed based on local and global methods. The objective of the sensitivity analysis in the present study is the evaluation to what extent the selected coefficients in the rheological model influence the result of simulations. In the considered tests this result is represented by two dependent variables, the load and the shape of the sample (barrelling). It is confirmed that the Zerilli‐Armstrong equations should be applied at very high strain rates. Physical meaning is an advantage of this model. Difficulties with identification are the main disadvantage.     

Analysis of low load transients for the Vandellòs-II NPP: Application to operation and control support

The Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) has been jointly working with the Asociación Nuclear Ascó-Vandellòs (ANAV) for a number of years in order to establish, qualify and use best estimate (BE) models for the reactors under the control of ANAV. ANAV is the consortium that is responsible for operation of the Ascó and Vandellòs-II reactors. The reactors are Westinghouse-design three-loop PWRs with an approximate electrical power of 1000 MW. The existing integral plant models for each plant are currently used for many different purposes among which are support of plant operation and control. Quite a number of studies have been done in order to improve both safety and plant competitiveness. Most of these dynamic analyses were carried out in relation to transients starting at nominal full power or at least, very close to full power. This paper develops a specific use of the Vandellòs-II plant model for operation and control support at low power involving new ranges of system actuation parameters. It also examines scenarios that are somewhat different from those typically analysed. The study starts showing the results of an assessment case, which is a start-up test and provides some additional qualification, and subsequently attempts to establish calculations to support both an improvement in feed water controls and to set up operating recommendations for low-load manual operation of feed water turbo-pump. Both results hopefully, will produce an outcome, which leads to an improvement in safety and reduces reactor trip probability.     

基于Modbus协议的外输计量监控系统的设计与实现

原油的外输计量系统没有配套的上位机系统,其操作存在一定的缺陷。针对这种情况,在详细介绍了Modbus协议和CRC校验的基础上,提出了基于Visual Basic环境下与流量计算机通信的系统设计方案,在该设计中实现了基于Modbus协议的串口通信以及CRC校验。实际验证,该系统能够有效地解决原有问题。     

基于面积流测量原理的一种新型流量测量装置

流量测量装置在自动化系统中应用非常广泛,在热力发电厂中流体的流量直接反映负荷高低、工作状况和运行效率。基于不同测量原理的装置其应用场合也不尽一样,在风量控制领域近几年也出现了十几种形式各异的产品,各种产品都有其自身的优缺点。分析了各种装置的原理及优缺点,重点介绍了一种新型的基于面积流测量原理的测量装置。     

喷嘴结构对高压射流特性影响研究

自20世纪70年代以来,高压水射流技术已在各工业领域逐渐得到了广泛应用,但迄今仍未能大规模采用,原因是还存在一些有待解决的问题,其中最为迫切的就是如何提高喷嘴射流效率、充分利用其能量的问题。喷嘴是水射流技术应用中获得高能量利用率的关键因素之一,其结构好坏直接影响射流质量。为充分发挥喷嘴最大效率,最大限度地利用水力能量,国内外有关专家从理论分析、数值计算和实验研究3个方面对喷嘴结构与高压射流特性的关系进行了研究分析,结果表明喷嘴结构对射流流动特性、冲蚀性能、空化现象等产生重要影响,指出提高喷嘴效率应当着眼于以下几个方面:加强基础研究;改变射流作用方式、将连续射流调制成脉动射流;充分利用空化空泡破裂压力,研制开发优质喷嘴,以期对拓宽水射流技术在工业中的应用有所帮助。     

A Macro Model of Frequently Changing Mobile Networks to Perform Flow and Access Control

The area covered by a mobile ad hoc network consists of obstacles that inhibit transmission and areas where communications can take place. Physical structures, such as buildings, that block transmission, or lakes, where forwarding nodes cannot be located, are permanent obstacles. Temporary obstacles are created as mobile nodes enter or leave an area. Our hypothesis is that the spaces between nearby obstacles are bottlenecks that inhibit the flows in the network. We partition the network into areas that are encompassed by obstacles and bottlenecks. All of the nodes in an area are treated as a single super node, and the bottlenecks between areas are the links between the super nodes. As individual nodes move, the flows and paths in the model change more slowly than the paths and flows between the individual nodes. We apply flow control algorithms to the model and perform admission control within a super node based on the flows that are assigned by the flow control algorithm. We apply the model to the Columbia University campus, and use max–min, fair bottleneck flow control to assign the flows. Our hypothesis is verified for this example.     

升平气田产能预测方法

依据升平气田的试井资料，建立了气井产能与压差之间的二次项产能方程。运用此方程可以预测升平气田的单井产能，并且建立了压差平方与kh值相关的气田综合产能方程。当求得气田的平均kh值后，利用该方法可以求得气田的平均产能或生产压差。     

Engineering Model of a Nonisobaric Heavily Laden Gas‐Particle Jet

An axisymmetrical model of a rapid nonisobaric heavily laden gas‐particle jet is developed. The model is based on the general functions for both axial and radial pressure distributions, which were discovered by a numerical study of rapid gas‐particle jets by the CFD code. The model equations were solved analytically. The results obtained by the model developed are in good agreement with those computed by the CFD code for a wide range of flow parameters.     

Developing real-time knowledge-based systems with PERFECT

PERFECT (Programming EnviRonment For Expert systems Constrained in reasoning Time) is aimed at providing the necessary engineering support in real-time knowledge-based system development. PERFECT bridges the gap between the traditional analysis and design methodologies, and the implementation tools for these systems. It does so by providing the means to construct a knowledge model and to choose a suitable inference strategy. Subsequently the properties of the knowledge model and inference strategy may be analysed. For instance, it may be checked whether the knowledge model contains sufficient knowledge to diagnose a fault in an industrial process. Moreover, it may be checked whether the inference engine is able to provide an answer to a certain problem in time. If not, the analyser of PERFECT proposes an alternative structure of the knowledge model. When the constructed knowledge model and the chosen inference strategy show the required time efficiency, the compiler of PERFECT may translate them to an actual real-time knowledge based system in COGSYS. In addition, guidelines are provided with respect to the design of the human-machine interface. The resulting system is an instrument—a source of information that can be used by the human operator during problem-solving, rather than a prosthesis—a device that solves the entire problem by itself and presents the outcome to the human operator.