吸附分离法脱除环氧丙烷中微量水的研究

研究了用预处理后的5A分子筛、002×7K吸附树脂脱除环氧丙烷中微量水。结果表明,在合适的操作温度、进料线速率等条件下,5A分子筛和002×7K吸附树脂都能使环氧丙烷中水含量降到符合GB/T14491 2001要求的工业用优级环氧丙烷标准,002×7K吸附树脂在一定条件下性能更为优异。实验还考虑了吸附剂循环利用情况,结果表明,前70次再生后的吸附剂吸附分离效率略有下降。     

高能量密度水溶性有机液流电池的开发策略

水溶性有机液流电池自2014年出现后发展迅猛,特别是近些年来有机电活性物质的降解和二聚导致的容量衰减问题得到初步解决后,该类液流电池有望作为大规模储能系统的候选者。然而能量密度较低的问题限制了其商业化的进程。对此,主要从增大溶解度、提高电化学窗口和电子的得失数这3个方面详细介绍了5种提高水溶性有机液流电池能量密度的方法——分子结构剪裁、“interaction-mediating”策略的应用、采用聚合物电活性物质、“氧化还原靶向”原理和电极表面的改性,同时对进一步提高水溶性有机液流电池能量密度的策略进行了简要展望。     

膜技术在医药生产中的应用

通过膜过程分类及其分离机理的介绍,论述了膜技术在医药生产中的应用及膜分离系统选用应注意的问题。阐述了膜分离技术在医药生产中的重要性及未来的发展前景。     

气液固三相并流系统流型的混沌识别

运用确定性混沌分析技术，研究了气液固三相并流系统散式鼓泡流、聚式鼓泡流、柱塞流、泡沫流及环状流压力波动信号的混沌动力学行为。结果表明，吸引子可以用来表征气液固三相并流系统的动力学行为，混沌特征参数相关维D2和K熵可以用来定量识别以上五种流型。以混沌定量识别为基础，给出了三相并流系统的流型图。     

液相中气泡上升行为与界面传质:实验研究与数值计算

在工业生产过程中，气泡在液相中的上升行为及气液界面的传质行为极为常见。本文针对不同条件下气泡上升过程的实验研究方法以及数值计算方法进行了总结。从实验与数值计算的角度，综述了单气泡上升过程的影响因素、多气泡上升过程聚并与破裂的现象和机理以及工业装置中气液两相流型和气泡特性，并对传质模型进行了归纳，主要关注了气侧-界面传质模型的研究现状。综述结果表明：当前对于单气泡上升行为的研究较为充分，而对于多气泡的行为机理的研究尚需深入。此外，受到研究手段的限制，进行气侧-界面传质模型研究具有一定挑战性。针对当前的相关研究进展和存在的问题，对今后气泡上升行为和传质行为的研究提出以下建议，即开展气泡聚并与破裂可控性研究，强化对气侧-界面传质过程的研究，包括泡内流体行为可视化研究和相关传质模型的建立。     

在挤出机口模中聚合物不稳定流动的模拟

对挤出机口模流道中高聚物的流动情况进行了分析。引用高聚物黏弹性流体本构方程,建立了高聚物在挤出机机头口模中流动的数学模型。用MathCAD软件对该模型进行了数值模拟,结果表明:机头压力、材料的松弛时间以及口模流道的几何尺寸对高聚物在机头中应力张量的变化影响较大,适当调整口模流道尺寸会有利于高聚物的稳定挤出。     

Properties of modified polyacrylonitrile membranes prepared by copolymerization with hydrophilic monomers for water–ethanol mixture separation

A new kind of terpolymer membrane was employed to separate a permselective water–alcohol mixture. This membrane was prepared via the copolymerization of acrylonitrile, sodium salt styrene sulfonic acid (SStSA), and hydroxyethyl methacrylate in dimethylsulfoxide with azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator. The reaction mechanism, resultant structure, and polymer composition were confirmed by IR and elemental analysis. The effects of the feed composition on the polymer composition, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and degree of swelling were investigated. It was found that water permeated through the membrane preferentially in a water/alcohol system. The flux increased with the increase of SStSA, but the separation factor decreased drastically with higher SStSA. For a 50 wt % water–ethanol mixture, a flux of 0.65 kg/m² h and a separation factor of 212 were obtained at 30°C when the membrane containing the highest SStSA content was used. The capacities of the metal ions absorbed by the membranes were investigated in the study. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 244–250, 2003     

A superconducting filter to separate an oxygen and argon mixture

Hot isostatic pressing in an oxygen atmosphere, known as O₂-HIP method, has been used successfully to synthesize oxide materials, as well as to produce porous materials. In this paper a porous superconducting oxide is synthesized by this method and its application as a gas filter is described. Porous superconductors can be used to separate a mixture of paramagnetic and diamagnetic gases, such as oxygen and argon. Separation occurs after a magnetic field is applied and is based on the Meissner effect. Experimental results showed that the oxygen content of an oxygen/argon mixture increased after passing through a filter with large pore size (about 10 m).     

P_2O_5和V_2O_5对CaO－Al_2O_3－SiO_2系统玻璃分相与析

Ｐ＿２Ｏ＿５和Ｖ＿２Ｏ＿５对ＣａＯ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３－ＳｉＯ＿２系统玻璃分相与析晶行为的影响膝立东，陆德明，甘朝亢（山东轻工业学院２５０１００）ＴｈｅＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＰ＿２Ｏ＿５ａｎｄＶ＿２Ｏ＿５ｏｎｔｈｅＰｈａｓｅｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＣｒｙｓ...     

Improvement in polyetherimide gas separation membranes through the incorporation of nanostructured metal complexes

Polyetherimide (PEI) gas separation membranes were tailored, at the molecular scale, by the incorporation of nanostructured metallic complexes into the PEI network. The influence of these additives on the micropore size distributions of the membranes produced and on their performance for oxygen/nitrogen separation was investigated. Changing the metal within the same ligand had a significant influence on the microporosity and gas separation performance of these membranes. Magnesium (II) phathalocyanine (MgPc) in PEI membranes was found to be an excellent additive to increase membrane performance for air separation. The performance of these membranes increases with increasing additive concentrations. Membranes with this additive also exhibit an improved stability as determined through the annealing process. Annealing these membranes caused a slight decrease in their gas permeance and total micropore volume but a significant increase in their gas selectivity. The results show that the properties of the nanophase additive and nanophase-polymer interactions play a pivotal role in stabilizing and determining membrane performance for air separation.