超细蛇纹石粉体改善润滑油摩擦磨损性能的研究

采用行星式高能球磨机制得平均粒径为0.22μm的超细蛇纹石粉,在四球摩擦磨损试验机上研究了超细蛇纹石粉加入量及载荷对润滑油减摩抗磨性能的影响。结果表明,添加超细蛇纹石粉对提高润滑油的减摩抗磨性能有显著的作用,超细蛇纹石粉含量为0.3%时,其摩擦因数减小26.2%,磨斑直径降低19.8%;超细蛇纹石粉润滑油在高载荷下具有很好的减摩性能。钢球表面磨斑能谱分析表明,磨斑表面有超细蛇纹石粉修复镀层产生。     

车用锂离子电池组液冷散热系统设计与优化

目的 解决传统热管理系统中锂离子电池组在充放电过程中温度过高、温差过大等问题。方法 以液冷方式为主要手段,在传统蛇形冷却通道的基础上设计1种单流入单流出的微通道结构和2种双流入单流出的微通道结构,并采用新型高导热材料石墨烯薄膜作为散热辅助材料。基于有限元仿真软件从电池组的最高温度、温差、温升和流体压力4个角度进行比较分析。结果 优化后电池组的最高温度由36.4℃降至36℃,温差由8.7℃降至3.9℃,电池组的散热能力及温度一致性得到提高。结论 双流入单流出结构优于单流入单流出结构,其中双波纹蛇形为最佳的液冷微通道结构,石墨烯薄膜的采用可进一步提高电池组的温度一致性。     

车载式相机轮轨冲角图像检测

目的 在列车运行安全性评价中,轮轨冲角是一关键性指标。列车运行过程中车体存在强烈振动,而且在基于应变片及传感器的冲角接触测量方法中存在许多弊端,例如丢失,损坏等问题,但冲角作为轮轨接触安全状态评价中的重要参数,对列车运行稳定性评价方面具有重要意义。为了避免接触测量方法中测量传感部件易损坏,丢失以及冲角值小等原因导致轮轨冲角检测难度大等问题,提出了一种新的轮轨冲角的图像检测方法。方法 首先,将CCD传感器安装在转向架上构成视觉检测系统;其次,根据相机物像空间几何成像模型建立车轮运动中轮缘角度与图像中椭圆短轴变化关系,实现对3维空间中轮缘位置和角度信息的采样与记录,并证明了轮缘几何特性与车轮偏转角度之间单一映射关系,将轮轨冲角φ的检测转化为椭圆短轴长度特征的检测,缩减了检测难度,增加了可行性;最后,给出冲角仿真结果。结果 实验结果表明,该方法测得的冲角值与使用仪器检测的冲角数值平均误差为0.024°,最大误差0.084°,单帧图像检测时间大约400 ms,通过仿真得出冲角的范围在0.75°内,且随机车速度的增大而增大,冲角在径向机构未锁定时小于锁定状态。结论 该方法检测速度较快且准确性较高,具有一定的工程应用价值,能为后续列车运行的稳定性和安全性评价奠定了一定的基础。     

An experimental investigation of entrained liquid carry-over from a serpentine evaporator

The quantity of liquid emerging as droplets entrained in superheated vapour at a serpentine evaporator exit is reported. Experiments were conducted under widely varying conditions representative of current and anticipated domestic refrigerator operation using oil-free R134a. A fractional factorial matrix was used to investigate the effects of exit superheat, inlet quality and heat and mass flux on the entrained mass fraction (E_f) at the exit. Droplet measurements were made with a laser-based phase/Doppler particle analyser. Time-averaged E_f varied with operating conditions by several orders of magnitude, decreasing with increasing superheat level (due to lower entrainment rates near the exit and more rapid droplet vaporization) and mass flux and inlet quality (due to reduced slug formation near the evaporator inlet). the occurrence of slug flow caused substantial variations in E_f superheat and operating pressure with time, even under nominally steady-state conditions.     

基于硅塑性变形的蛇形梁垂直梳齿驱动器

设计了基于硅塑性变形的垂直梳齿驱动器,中央可动微镜由四组蛇形曲折梁支撑。驱动器的制作采用硅—硅键合技术,首先利用DRIE干法刻蚀技术释放可动梳齿与固定梳齿,然后通过各向异性湿法腐蚀制作的施压凸台实现可动梳齿和固定梳齿的精确自对准,最后利用硅塑性变形使可动梳齿和固定梳齿在垂直方向上产生位错,成功制作出在Z方向依靠位错梳齿实现垂直驱动的蛇形梁静电梳齿驱动器。     

A General Strategy for Stretchable Microwave Antenna Systems using Serpentine Mesh Layouts

Wireless functionality is essential for the implementation of wearable systems, but its adaptation in stretchable electronic systems has had limited success. In this paper, the electromagnetic properties of stretchable serpentine mesh‐based systems is studied, and this general strategy is used to produce high‐performance stretchable microwave systems. Stretchable mechanics are enabled by converting solid metallic sections in conventional systems to subwavelength‐scale serpentine meshes, followed by bonding to an elastomeric substrate. Compared to prior implementations of serpentine meshes in microwave systems, this conversion process is extended to arbitrary planar layouts, including those containing curvilinear shapes. A detailed theoretical analysis is also performed and a natural tradeoff is quantified between the stretching mechanics and microwave performance of these systems. To explore the translation of these concepts from theory to experiment, two types of stretchable microwave devices are fabricated and characterized: a stretchable far‐field dipole antenna for communications and a stretchable midfield phased surface for the wireless powering of biomedical implanted devices.     

蛇形磁路多片式磁流变液阻尼器设计

提出了一种大输出阻尼力矩,低初始阻尼力的小体积多片式磁流变液阻尼器的设计方法。阻尼器内部的导磁元件、隔磁元件和间隙中磁流变液构成闭合的蛇形磁路。针对漏液的问题采用铁磁密封的设计思想,显著减小了转轴处的摩擦力。基于Bingham塑性模型分析了磁流变液的力学特性,导出了阻尼器的力矩模型,采用ANSYS Maxwell软件对阻尼器进行了有限元分析,验证了磁路的准确性,并在原始设计的基础上对阻尼器的结构进行了优化,研制出了一种小体积磁流变液阻尼器。在自主搭建的实验平台上进行力矩测量实验和响应时间测量实验,实验结果验证了该阻尼器具有大输出力矩,低初始阻尼力和低响应时间的特点。阻尼器的直径为33.6 mm,高度为21.6 mm,重约200 g,当输入电流为1.2 A时,产生的力矩为350 N·mm,达到了操作者抓取虚拟物体所需的力矩。     

基于Recurdyn的蛇形机器人的蜿蜒运动仿真

提出一种由九个关节组成的蛇形机器人,研究了该蛇形机器人的蜿蜒运动机理,在多体系统动力学仿真软件Recurdyn中建立了蛇形机器人的运动模型,并对蜿蜒运动时各关节角函数进行了设置.通过在Recurdyn软件的仿真环境中添加各种驱动,设定运动函数,对关节角函数对蛇形机器人前进速度的影响进行了仿真验证.结果表明,提出的蛇形机器人能够完成预定的蜿蜒运动.     

Guided Formation of 3D Helical Mesostructures by Mechanical Buckling: Analytical Modeling and Experimental Validation

3D helical mesostructures are attractive for applications in a broad range of microsystem technologies due to their mechanical and electromagnetic properties as stretchable interconnects, radio frequency antennas, and others. Controlled compressive buckling of 2D serpentine‐shaped ribbons provides a strategy to formation of such structures in wide ranging classes of materials (from soft polymers to brittle inorganic semiconductors) and length scales (from nanometer to centimeter), with an ability for automated, parallel assembly over large areas. The underlying relations between the helical configurations and fabrication parameters require a relevant theory as the basis of design for practical applications. Here, an analytic model of compressive buckling in serpentine microstructures is presented based on the minimization of total strain energy that results from various forms of spatially dependent deformations. Experiments at micro‐ and millimeter scales, together with finite element analyses, have been exploited to examine the validity of developed model. The theoretical analyses shed light on general scaling laws in terms of three groups of fabrication parameters (related to loading, material, and 2D geometry), including a negligible effect of material parameters and a square root dependence of primary displacements on the compressive strain. Furthermore, analytic solutions were obtained for the key physical quantities (e.g., displacement, curvature and maximum strain). A demonstrative example illustrates how to leverage the analytic solutions in choosing the various design parameters, such that brittle fracture or plastic yield can be avoided in the assembly process.     

低品位铜镍硫化矿浮选中蛇纹石的行为研究

针对蛇纹石脉石矿物的浮选特性,进行了蛇纹石纯矿物、铜镍硫化矿矿石浮选试验研究,在确定疏水絮凝为微细粒铜镍矿物浮选的重要过程中的同时,借助OLMPUS矿物显微镜水中现测结果分析,推断部分脉石矿泥被有用矿物疏水絮团机械夹带一起精矿是精矿中MgO含量降不下去的主要原因。