浅水湖泊水生植被恢复判别模型研究与应用

基于水生植物生长影响因子特征,综合考虑光照、营养盐、悬浮物、水动力、温度及底质等因素,初步提出了野外条件下水生植物恢复判别函数;通过对野外环境主要生境因子的耦合数值仿真,首次建立了基于投影寻踪原理的水生植物恢复判别模型;以苦草做为恢复目标种,选择长江中下游地区典型浅水湖泊——高淳固城湖为例,对模型进行了应用,结果表明:固城湖现状生境条件下,可能恢复苦草的水域面积约3.25 km2,占湖泊总面积的10.5%,其中北部湖区与湖心区恢复面积较大,南部湖区也有局部水域适合苦草恢复重建,但面积较小,约0.65 km2.     

银川市浅层地温场分布特征及其控制因素探讨

为了探讨银川市浅层地温场分布特征及影响浅层地温场的控制因素,采用自动和人工相结合的方法对银川市90~200 m地温监测孔进行监测.数据显示,200 m以内浅层平均地温梯度一般为1.5~4℃/100 m,高地温带呈NNE向展布于银川市区中部,形态分布与该区重要隐伏活动断裂走向基本一致.研究表明,银川张性断裂是银川市浅层地温场分布的控制因素,是造成浅层地温异常的主要因素.     

浅湿灌溉技术是水稻节水增产的最佳灌溉制度

针对牡丹江地区水资源面临短缺的问题,对林口县刁翎水利试验站进行多年试验,掌握了大量的试验数据。试验证明,浅湿灌溉在诸多节水栽培技术中有明显的优势。     

天津地热回灌试验分析及存在问题

在分析天津地区地热地质背景、地热资源赋存条件的基础上,结合地热回灌试验历程及目的,划分了回灌阶段,研究了不同热储层回灌水温度、压力、回灌方式对地层吸水能力的影响和回灌条件下热储层水文地质条件的变化,并对存在问题和发展前景进行了分析和探讨,为下一步工作的开展积累了丰富的资料.研究表明,在天津实施地热回灌开采是可行的,它对延长地热开发寿命、改善生存环境、保持资源的循环利用是非常有效的.     

Probability of the critical state of glue joints of a shallow laminated shell with random irregularities

Relations have been obtained for the determination of the probability of the dangerous (critical) state of the glue joints of a shallow laminated shell in the case of the presence of initial irregularities of the elastic plies with known probabilistic characteristics. An example of calculation of the probability of the critical state of the glue joint of a two-ply shell with known mathematical expectation and correlation function of random initial deflection of the upper ply is considered. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 1, pp. 138–149, January–February, 2006.     

U型竖埋管地源热泵-辐射地板联合运行冬季启动特性实验研究

对U型竖埋管地源热泵-辐射地板联合运行实验冬季运行启动特性进行分析，研究启动阶段U型竖埋管进出水温的变化规律，得出平均每米井深的换热量。研究启动阶段辐射地板供暖的进出水温的变化规律，为地源热泵及辐射地板在长江中下游地区的工程设计与应用推广提供参考。     

The generalized Riemann problem method for the shallow water equations with bottom topography

This paper extends the generalized Riemann problem method (GRP) to the system of shallow water equations with bottom topography. The main contribution is that the generalized Riemann problem method (J. Comput. Phys. 1984; 55 (1):1–32) is used to evaluate the midpoint values of solutions at each cell interface so that the bottom topography effect is included in numerical fluxes, and at the same step the source term is discretized with an interface method in which only mid‐point values are plugged in. This scheme is well balanced between the flux gradient and bottom topography when incorporating the surface gradient method (SGM) (J. Comput. Phys. 2001; 168 (1):1–25) into data reconstruction step, and it is also suitable for both steady and unsteady flow simulations. We illustrate the accuracy of this scheme by several 1‐D and 2‐D numerical experiments. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Fluorine in Shallow Groundwater of Tongshan Area

Tongshan area, a part of the floodplain of the abandoned Huanghe River, is one of the popular endemic fluorosis areas in East China. One of the reasons is high concentration of fluorine in shallow groundwater. Test results of 36 groundwater samples show that fluorine concentration in shallow groundwater is 0.18-6.7mg/L and 50% of the samples exceed the Chinese drinking water quality standard. There exists a significant negative correlation in content between Ca^2 and F^-. The correlations between fluorine concentration and other cations (for example Na^ , K^ , Mg^2 ) are not significant. The content of dissolved fluorine from the flooding sediments of the Huanghe River that varying from 5.6mg/kg to 15.2mg/kg plays an important role in forming the high fluorine groundwater. Usually, the dissolved fluorine content in silt is much higher than that in silty clay and clay. According to the geological investigation fluorine content in deep groundwater (over 60m) is less than 1.0mg/L and suitable for drinking, so it is an effective measure to prevent endemic fluorosis by extracting deep groundwater in disease areas.     

用钻孔瓦斯涌出初速度法进行浅孔预测的可行性研究

针对目前使用钻孔瓦斯涌出初速度法(q值法)预测煤与瓦斯突出所存在的问题,进行了多钻孔、多孔深的现场试验,研究了用钻孔瓦斯涌出初速度法进行浅孔预测的可行性.根据实测的不同深度的曲线变化,确定了替代的测试孔深及突出临界值.     

双U型埋管地热换热器的传热模型

合理地分析地热换热器中的传热过程是保证地源热泵空调系统经济可靠地运行和降低其初投资的要求 ,因而确定钻孔内热阻对于设计地源热泵空调系统中的地热换热器具有重要的意义。本文采用准三维模型对于对称布置的双U型埋管地热换热器钻孔内的传热情况进行了分析研究。在考虑各支管间的“热短路”的条件下 ,导出了循环流体在各个支管内沿钻孔深度方向上温度变化的解析表达式 ,进而确定了双U型埋管地热换热器钻孔内的热阻。这一理论模型为进一步定量分析影响双U型埋管地热换热器传热性能的诸多因素奠定了基础