饱水岩层生物地球化学特征与氮转化

目的研究浑河流域第四纪松散岩层构成的潜水中较高铁锰含量对浅层地下水氮转化的影响。方法运用水文地球环境化学理论，结合现场取样和室内实验，研究了地下水中铁锰对氮转化的化学及生物作用的机理．对浑河支流的细河近岸饱水层110m深度剖面岩土的地球化学指标和微生物分别进行了测定和培养鉴定．结果研究结果表明在岩土呈弱酸性的条件下。随着剖面深度的变化。微生物指标和地球化学指标相互之间表现出显著的相关性，曲线的峰值段和波动段大部分相吻合．结论岩性以及原生铁锰普遍含量较高的生物地球化学环境对地层中氮转化的主导控制作用显著，表现为岩土中氨态氮含量高．此项研究将为修复微污染地下水。探讨区域环境系统氮演变趋势提供技术支持．     

一维浅栅光子晶体中的矢量耦合模孤子

研究同时具有二阶和三阶非线性效应的一维浅栅光子晶体中的矢量耦合模孤子动力学。从Maxwell方程出发,利用多重尺度法,导出了电光场、光学整流场与基频光场包络的非线性矢量耦合模方程组,给出了耦合模方程组的孤子解。结果表明由二阶非线性导致的光学整流场对基频光场没有调制作用。     

萃取膜生物反应器去除地下水硝酸盐

地下水硝态氮(NO3--N)污染已成为世界性的环境问题,而且污染日趋严重,成为饮用水净化的难题之一.本研究采用中空纤维萃取膜生物反应器进行反硝化去除地下水中的硝酸盐,该反应器反硝化区与产品水分离、出水不受微生物污染,而且扩散速率快、硝酸盐去除速率快.试验装置设两级反应器,其中,一级反应器主要起预处理作用,去除地下水中溶解氧,为二级反应器内的反硝化细菌提供良好的生长环境.本试验整个系统硝态氮去除速率达到了3.36 g.m-2.d-1,相应的出水硝态氮浓度为9.76 mg.L-1,二级反应器硝态氮去除速率达到5.46 g.m-2.d-1,一级反应器硝态氮最大去除速率为0.4 g.m-2.d-1左右.     

The generalized Riemann problem method for the shallow water equations with bottom topography

This paper extends the generalized Riemann problem method (GRP) to the system of shallow water equations with bottom topography. The main contribution is that the generalized Riemann problem method (J. Comput. Phys. 1984; 55 (1):1–32) is used to evaluate the midpoint values of solutions at each cell interface so that the bottom topography effect is included in numerical fluxes, and at the same step the source term is discretized with an interface method in which only mid‐point values are plugged in. This scheme is well balanced between the flux gradient and bottom topography when incorporating the surface gradient method (SGM) (J. Comput. Phys. 2001; 168 (1):1–25) into data reconstruction step, and it is also suitable for both steady and unsteady flow simulations. We illustrate the accuracy of this scheme by several 1‐D and 2‐D numerical experiments. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Fluorine in Shallow Groundwater of Tongshan Area

Tongshan area, a part of the floodplain of the abandoned Huanghe River, is one of the popular endemic fluorosis areas in East China. One of the reasons is high concentration of fluorine in shallow groundwater. Test results of 36 groundwater samples show that fluorine concentration in shallow groundwater is 0.18-6.7mg/L and 50% of the samples exceed the Chinese drinking water quality standard. There exists a significant negative correlation in content between Ca^2 and F^-. The correlations between fluorine concentration and other cations (for example Na^ , K^ , Mg^2 ) are not significant. The content of dissolved fluorine from the flooding sediments of the Huanghe River that varying from 5.6mg/kg to 15.2mg/kg plays an important role in forming the high fluorine groundwater. Usually, the dissolved fluorine content in silt is much higher than that in silty clay and clay. According to the geological investigation fluorine content in deep groundwater (over 60m) is less than 1.0mg/L and suitable for drinking, so it is an effective measure to prevent endemic fluorosis by extracting deep groundwater in disease areas.     

用钻孔瓦斯涌出初速度法进行浅孔预测的可行性研究

针对目前使用钻孔瓦斯涌出初速度法(q值法)预测煤与瓦斯突出所存在的问题,进行了多钻孔、多孔深的现场试验,研究了用钻孔瓦斯涌出初速度法进行浅孔预测的可行性.根据实测的不同深度的曲线变化,确定了替代的测试孔深及突出临界值.     

某厂房地面沉降及其开裂的原因分析

根据某厂房地面不均匀沉降、局部开裂现象，分析其产生的原因主要由于附近建筑工地人工挖孔桩施工。大量抽取地下水所致。并采用静压预制桩进行加固，控制沉降，处理效果明显。     

浅海低频多层介质中声传播损失的数学模型

声场仿真是研究舰船声场和海洋声环境的重要手段，而声传播特性仿真是建立声场环境的关键一环。应用简正波理论并结合波数积分法，建立了浅海低频声传播特性的仿真数学模型。数值计算与资料实验数据表明，该仿真模型能较好地预报浅海低频声传播损失，具有计算精度高、计算速度快等优点。     

浅圆仓散料压力计算方法

提出一种计算浅圆仓侧压力的力学模型,并推导出新的计算公式.与传统计算方法相比,采用楔体散料模式更为合理,为浅圆仓的设计提供了一种合适的计算方法.     

河北省地下水降落漏斗修复

通过对河北省地下水超采状况分析,指出南水北调中线工程的尽快实施是降落漏斗修复的水源保障。农业节水、污水资源化和科学调蓄利用汛期雨洪资源是降落漏斗修复的主要途径。