岩溶水系统分析与泉流量预测模型

在岩溶水系统分析的基础上，将岩溶泉域视为单输入——单输出系统，并应用时间序列最优控制理论，建立了泉流量预测模型。     

Causes of Seawater Incursion and Measures for Controlling the Disaster in coastal region of Longkou

The coastal region of Longkou town in Shandong province belongs to one of severe disaster areas of seawater incursion in China. It is caused by continuously withdrawal of groundwater. The distribution of seawater incursion areas shows a consistence with that of the groundwater zone of negative table values, and both of them indicate an identical extending trend. Based on monitored data of groundwater withdrawal and seawater incursion, the relation between excessive withdrawal of groundwater and seawater incursion is analyzed by regression method. The results show that volume of excessive withdrawal of groundwater is closely related with values of the seawater incursion area. The measures and suggestions for controlling seawater incursion are also put forward.     

Research on the conversion relationships between the river and groundwater in the Yellow River drainage area

InthevastdrainageareaoftheYellowRiver,thereexistsaclosehydraulicrelationandfrequentconversionbetweenthestreamandthegroundwater.However,inrecentyears,duetotheintensifiedhumanactivitiesandtheminifiedriveroutflow,thestrengthenedconversionrelationshipbetweentheriverandthegroundwaterresultedinthechangeofthewatercirculation,andprovokedaseriesofsideeffectsontheecologi-calenvironmentintheareaandmadethewaterresourceandecologyintheYellowRiverdrainageareaamatterofgreaturgency.TheissuesontheYellowRivera…     

Web GIS design and realization for groundwater resources in the Yellow River basin

1PrefaceInthelastfewyears,thetechnologyofGeographicalInformationSystem(GIS)hasbeenwidelyusedandplayedagreatroleinthescientificresearchandproductionintheYellowRiverbasin.Uptonow,alotofdepartmentshavealreadydevelopedspecializedGISproductsorputforwardtherelevantdesignsofGISintheYellowRiverbasinfortheresearchofdifferentreachesanddifferentsubjectsofthisregion.TheCFCCfortheYellowRiverConservancyCommissionhasbuiltadatabasesys-temforthelowreachesoftheYellowRiverforthefloodpreventionin1991[1]…     

稳定同位素法在追踪地下水污染源中的应用

地下水是人类最洁净的饮用水源,由于其自净能力较弱,一旦受到污染,极难治理.查清污染源是地下水污染防治的前提,而稳定同位素法在判断地下水的补给来源、地下水与地表水之间的联系,以及确定各种污染水源在地下水中的混合比例方面的应用比较成熟,因此在寻找地下水污染源方面有广阔的应用前景.     

陆良与保山盆地第三系浅层气田开发规律探讨

以云南陆良、保山盆地第三系浅层气田为例,结合国内外浅层气田的开发经验,探讨浅层气田的开发规律,以指导同类气田的开发.浅层气田一般气藏规模小,气柱高度小;产层疏松,大部分气藏为有水气藏;生产时气藏无水生产时间短、稳产时间短,气井容易出水、出砂,其开发规律明显区别于中深层整装构造型气藏.针对陆良、保山浅层气田生产表现的"三低"(低单井日产水平、低采气速率、低采出程度),气井见水快,井筒容易积液,产层容易出砂,出水大则出砂也大等特点,提出以下对策:(1)依据多井小压差原则,进一步完善井网,避免频繁激动气井;(2)严格按.规定压差生产,及时确定气井"三稳定"的最佳工作制度,生产中;(3)尽量减少或杜绝井口气量调节,更不能轻易关井;(4)一旦发生气井水淹,尽快采取措施,避免造成井底或地层的严重污染,给复产带来困难;(5)加强气田生产测井、试井、产能测试,取全取准各项资料,及时进行动态分析与动态监测,对生产中出现的问题做到早发现、早解决.从而保证气田平稳、正常开采.     

Solution of a Well-Field Design Problem with Implicit Filtering

Problems involving the management of groundwater resources occur routinely, and management decisions based upon optimization approaches offer the potential to save substantial amounts of money. However, this class of application is notoriously difficult to solve due to non-convex objective functions with multiple local minima and both nonlinear models and nonlinear constraints. We solve a subset of community test problems from this application field using MODFLOW, a standard groundwater flow model, and IFFCO, an implicit filtering algorithm that was designed to solve problems similar to those of focus in this work. While sampling methods have received only scant attention in the groundwater optimization literature, we show encouraging results that suggest they are deserving of more widespread consideration for this class of problems. In keeping with our objectives for the community problems, we have packaged the approaches used in this work to facilitate additional work on these problems by others and the application of implicit filtering to other problems in this field. We provide the data for our formulation and solution on the web.     

低温高铁锰氨氮地下水两级生物净化工艺

针对"一级曝气+一级过滤"生物净化工艺处理低温(5~7.8℃)、高氨氮(ρ(NH_3-N)3.0 mg/L)、高铁锰(ρ(总Fe)12 mg/L,ρ(Fe~(2+))8.0 mg/L,ρ(Mn~(2+))3.0 mg/L)地下水出水锰和氨氮超标问题,开展两级曝气+两级过滤"净化工艺启动和铁锰氨氧化活性去除区位研究.两级生物净化工艺经133 d驯化培养启动成功,锰是影响启动周期长短的主要因素.启动成功后,氨氮去除负荷可达29.66 g/(m~2·h),锰去除负荷可达27.08 g/(m~2·h),产水量是单级净化工艺的2倍.铁锰氨氧化活性去除区位表明,铁在一级滤柱0~50 cm滤层内去除至痕量;55.23%的氨氮在一级滤柱中去除,主要集中在滤层0~135 cm段,44.10%的氨氮在二级滤柱中去除,主要集中在滤层0~50 cm段.锰和氨氮在氧化去除过程中存在显著分级,ρ(NH_3-N)2.25 mg/L时,会显著抑制锰氧化菌(MnOB)活性.锰在各级滤柱中的去除率和去除区位受进水氨氮质量浓度及滤速影响较大,滤柱启动成功后,仅有5.53%的锰在一级滤柱中去除,89.34%的锰在二级滤柱中去除.     

某公路隧道洞门段冒顶处置方案及效果

公路隧道出洞开挖时地层覆盖较薄,受地质、天气状况和施工方法不当的影响,容易发生隧道冒顶事件,冒顶处理既影响工程进度又增加了工程投资成本。本文结合某公路隧道右线出口冒顶事件,剖析浅埋大跨隧道冒顶事件发生原因和处理方案,为同类工程设计、施工提供参考与借鉴。