浅海低频多层介质中声传播损失的数学模型

声场仿真是研究舰船声场和海洋声环境的重要手段，而声传播特性仿真是建立声场环境的关键一环。应用简正波理论并结合波数积分法，建立了浅海低频声传播特性的仿真数学模型。数值计算与资料实验数据表明，该仿真模型能较好地预报浅海低频声传播损失，具有计算精度高、计算速度快等优点。     

浅圆仓散料压力计算方法

提出一种计算浅圆仓侧压力的力学模型,并推导出新的计算公式.与传统计算方法相比,采用楔体散料模式更为合理,为浅圆仓的设计提供了一种合适的计算方法.     

陆良与保山盆地第三系浅层气田开发规律探讨

以云南陆良、保山盆地第三系浅层气田为例,结合国内外浅层气田的开发经验,探讨浅层气田的开发规律,以指导同类气田的开发.浅层气田一般气藏规模小,气柱高度小;产层疏松,大部分气藏为有水气藏;生产时气藏无水生产时间短、稳产时间短,气井容易出水、出砂,其开发规律明显区别于中深层整装构造型气藏.针对陆良、保山浅层气田生产表现的"三低"(低单井日产水平、低采气速率、低采出程度),气井见水快,井筒容易积液,产层容易出砂,出水大则出砂也大等特点,提出以下对策:(1)依据多井小压差原则,进一步完善井网,避免频繁激动气井;(2)严格按.规定压差生产,及时确定气井"三稳定"的最佳工作制度,生产中;(3)尽量减少或杜绝井口气量调节,更不能轻易关井;(4)一旦发生气井水淹,尽快采取措施,避免造成井底或地层的严重污染,给复产带来困难;(5)加强气田生产测井、试井、产能测试,取全取准各项资料,及时进行动态分析与动态监测,对生产中出现的问题做到早发现、早解决.从而保证气田平稳、正常开采.     

某公路隧道洞门段冒顶处置方案及效果

公路隧道出洞开挖时地层覆盖较薄,受地质、天气状况和施工方法不当的影响,容易发生隧道冒顶事件,冒顶处理既影响工程进度又增加了工程投资成本。本文结合某公路隧道右线出口冒顶事件,剖析浅埋大跨隧道冒顶事件发生原因和处理方案,为同类工程设计、施工提供参考与借鉴。     

新钢9号高炉浅铁口维护生产实践

对新钢9号高炉铁口深度合格率偏低的原因进行分析,通过采取严格控制炮泥质量、规范操作、加强管理等措施,浅铁口现象明显改善.     

渤海海域浅层油气运移新认识与勘探新进展

浅层新近系是渤海海域油田储量和产量的主要层系。随着勘探程度的提高，大—中型油气田发现的难度也越来越大。基于渤海海域的勘探实践，结合浅层大—中型油田源外成藏的特性，通过分析油气深层运移与浅层富集的耦合关系，明确了古近系烃源层油气初次、二次运移所形成的"汇聚脊"对其上浅层油气富集、聚集的控制作用，并根据输导体系的组合划分出油气汇聚样式。在"汇聚脊"控藏模式的指导下，渤海海域多个构造带的油气勘探都取得突破，获得一系列亿吨级新发现，由此保证了渤海海域浅层规模优质油气储量持续发现，指导后续勘探进展。     

障板上矩形薄板在浅水环境中的振动及声辐射解析分析

通过推导得到浅水环境中矩形板声辐射阻抗矩阵的解析表达,进一步结合振动假设模态方法及辐射表面单元辐射器思想求解浅水环境中矩形板的振动响应,分析水深对矩形板模态附加质量的影响,给出矩形板模态附加质量随水深的变化情况,得到波导模态的激发对附加质量的影响,并通过对辐射抗矩阵的特征分析得到附加质量在板上分布的主要模式;进一步结合声辐射模态辐射效率,分析水深变化对矩形板振动响应峰值及远场声辐射的影响,分析结果表明:水深度变化对振动响应峰值及声辐射功率的影响与第1阶声辐射模态的辐射效率随深度的变化具有一致性。     

浅埋偏压软弱围岩大断面隧道综合处治措施

针对某隧道开挖断面大、地质条件差、Ⅳ级、Ⅴ级围岩所占比例大等特点,施工过程中发生过塌方、地表沉降、溶洞、特大溶洞、软弱围岩收敛变形超限,分别采用针对性的综合处治措施,顺利通过了出口长大浅埋偏压地段,取得了十分满意的效果。     

Competitiveness of shallow water hydrocarbon development projects in Mexico after 2015 actualization of fiscal reforms: Economic benchmark of new production sharing agreement versus typical U.S. federal lease terms

Development of Mexican hydrocarbon reservoirs by foreign operators has become possible under Mexico's new Hydrocarbon Law, effective as per January 2015. Our study compares the economic returns of shallow water fields in the Gulf of Mexico applying the royalty and taxes due under the fiscal regimes of the U.S. and Mexico. The net present value (NPV) of the base case scenario is US$1.4 billion, assuming standard development and production cost (opex, capex), 10% discount rate accounting for the cost of capital and revenues computed using a reference oil price of $75/bbl. The impact on NPV of oil price volatility is accounted for in a sensitivity analysis. The split of the NPV of shallow water hydrocarbon assets between the two contractual parties, contractor and government, in Mexico and the U.S. is hugely different. Our base case shows that for similar field assets, Mexico's production sharing agreement allocates about $1,150 million to the government and $191 million to the contractor, while under U.S. license conditions the government take is about $700 million and contractor take is $553 million. The current production sharing agreement leaves some marginal shallow water fields in Mexico undeveloped for reasons detailed and quantified in our study.     

Evaluation of the Missouri River shallow water habitat using a 2D‐hydrodynamic model

Many of the Upper Missouri River dikes have been notched to create additional shallow water habitat (SWH, operationally defined as areas in the stream with depth < 1.5 m, and velocity < 0.75 m s^?1) for fish populations. The goal of this study was to quantify the additional SWH gained from notching these dikes and to evaluate their performance under different flow conditions. A coupled field and numerical study was performed on a reach of the Missouri River, near Nebraska City, NE, which contains a number of dikes notched in 2004. The numerical simulations showed that the SWH criterion for depth was more difficult to satisfy in the study reach than the SWH criterion for velocity. Notching the dikes resulted in a slight shift of the bankline due to local erosion in the vicinity of the dikes and the formation of scour holes downstream of the notches. Results from the study suggested that notching the dikes had limited impact on the SWH because the area gained from the bankline shift was offset by the area lost from the scour holes formation. The performance of the notched dikes in sustaining the minimum habitat suitability conditions for the Missouri River ecosystem was also investigated. These conditions corresponded to discharges < 709 m³ s^?1 for the period from mid‐July to mid‐August, or equivalently SWH areas > 5225 m² dike^?1 during the same period. Analysis of the Missouri River annual discharge records at the study site showed that the dikes can provide the minimum required SWH for mean annual discharges < 667 m³ s^?1. For mean annual discharges > 667 m³ s^?1, new alternative structures or restoration facilities were needed, in addition to the existing dikes, to sustain the minimum required SWH. The dikes were not effective in providing any SWH for mean annual discharges > 2000 m³ s^?1. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.