工程应力分布玻璃研究进展

工程应力分布(engineered stress profile,ESP)玻璃作为一种新型的增强玻璃引起了研究人员的广泛关注.综述了ESP玻璃的理论基础,介绍了ESP玻璃的几种制造工艺及其力学性能.总结了ESP玻璃较传统增强玻璃的优点:强度高,强度分散性低,抗表面损伤能力强及断裂前出现多重裂纹.针对ESP的研究现状,提出了ESP玻璃今后的研究方向:综合其它玻璃增强方法提高玻璃强度,采用微波混合加热或者电场辅助离子交换以缩短处理时间,降低工艺成本.     

Numerical analysis of the stress distribution in single-lap shear tests under elastic assumption—Application to the optimisation of the mechanical behaviour

The single lap joint is the most used test in order to analyse the behaviour of an adhesive in an assembly as on one hand, the manufacturing of such specimens is quite easy, and on the other hand they require only a classic tensile testing machine. However, such specimens are associated with complex loading of the adhesive, i.e. non-uniform shear stress along the overlap length, quite large peel stress at the two ends of the overlap and significant edge effects associated with geometrical and material parameters. In addition, the stress concentrations can contribute to fracture initiation in the adhesive joints and thus can lead to an incorrect analysis of the adhesive behaviour. Therefore, understanding the stress distribution in an adhesive joint can lead to improvements in adhesively bonded assemblies. The first part of this paper presents the influence of edge effects on the stress concentrations in single lap joints under elastic assumption of the material and using a pressure-dependent elastic limit of the adhesive. In the second part, some usual geometries, proposed in the literature about stress limitation, are compared with respect to the maximum load transmitted by single lap joint. The last part presents some geometries, which significantly limit the influence of edge effects and are more appropriate for analysing the behaviour of the adhesive.     

采用Shell单元进行结构安全评价与性能评估的探讨

对于常见的大型薄壁且结构复杂的内压容器的承载能力评价,普遍采用Shell单元进行数值分析计算.目前对于Shell单元在工程压力容器结构的分析设计与性能评价中线性化问题,观点不一.针对具体的工程实例,分别采用轴对称Plane单元与Shell单元进行比较研究,对Shell单元结果的安全评定的精度做了有益的探讨.     

上横梁的有限元分析

用实体元素法建立了箱型截面梁的物理分析模型，并对电动螺旋轮胎定型硫化机的上横梁进行了有限元分析，在对上横梁的结构肯定的基础上提出了相应的改进措施。     

Reduction in internal friction in silica glass with high OH content

The aim of this article was to investigate processes occurring during annealing of silica glass classified as being of type III (J Non Cryst Solids. 1970;5(2):123-75). This is an inexpensive silica glass produced by many manufacturers across the globe. However, it can be successfully used for fabrication of high-Q mechanical resonators. The relationship between residual internal stress and internal friction is elucidated. Quantitative analysis of the structural relaxation kinetics is presented. The influence of the cooling process for structural transformation is also discussed. On the basis of our results, we suggest optimal annealing conditions for minimizing internal friction type III silica glass. The results will be useful for further improvement of the Q-factor of mechanical resonators, including the test masses of the next generation of gravitational wave detectors. Our approach might, in addition, be used for studying the modification of atomic structure in multicomponent glasses.     

渗透剂对酿酒酵母细胞增殖、形态和存活力的影响

为了揭示渗透作用机制,考察了氯化钠、山梨醇、甘油和聚乙二醇（PEG600）等4种化合物对模式生物S. cerevisiae细胞生长、形态结构和代谢的影响.24 h细胞培养结果表明,渗透剂的抑制作用与其浓度的增加一致,细胞的比生长速率下降.高渗环境使细胞形态发生改变,趋于球状.细胞生长动力学表明,0.5 mol•L^-1氯化钠显著延缓耗糖速率,降低比生长速率,延长细胞指数生长期;0.33 mol•L^-1PEG600对指数生长期的细胞无显著影响,但缩短了细胞平衡期.在生理可接受的渗透强度内,与对照组相比较,0.5 mol•L^-1氯化钠和0.33 mol•L^-1PEG600不影响最终残糖水平和生物量浓度.     

Stress wave propagation in adhesively bonded functionally graded cylinders: an improved model

This study presents an improved mathematical model to analyse the stress wave propagation in adhesively bonded functionally graded (FG) circular cylinders (butt joint) under an axial impulsive load. The volume fractions of the material constituents in the upper and lower cylinders were functionally tailored through the thickness of each cylinder using a power-law. The effective material properties of both cylinders, which are made of aluminum (Al) and silicon carbide (SiC), at any point were predicted by using the Mori–Tanaka homogenization scheme. In this improved model, the governing equations of the wave propagation include the spatial derivatives of local mechanical properties and were discretized by means of the finite difference method. The influence of these spatial derivatives and the compositional gradient exponent on the displacement and stress distributions of the joint was investigated. The material composition variations of both cylinders affected the displacement and stress fields whereas the compositional gradient exponent had a minor effect. The stress concentrations were alleviated in time, the displacement and stress distributions/variations around/along the upper and lower cylinder-adhesive interfaces were significantly affected by the adhesive layer. The spatial derivatives also affected the temporal histories of the displacement and stress components evaluated at the selected critical points of the upper cylinder, adhesive layer and lower cylinder. The consideration of the spatial local material derivatives provided a more accurate mathematical model of wave propagations through the graded layered structures.     

碳/碳化硅复合材料刹车盘/片热应力场分析

采用有限元方法分析二维正交碳纤维增强碳化硅(C/SiC)复合材料制成的汽车刹车盘/片在刹车过程中引起的非线性热力耦合行为,主要研究在强制对流和热辐射作用下刹车结构的温度变化,讨论不同材料属性对刹车温度场的影响以及在温度场和膨胀系数耦合下C/SiC刹车盘/片中热应力和形变情况。数值结果表明:在双重散热条件下需要更多时间用于降温,而垂直于刹车面的热导率分量对温度传导或者降温影响较大;对于C/SiC刹车盘/片每一次刹车行为等效于一次热应力的加载和卸载,而每次产生的热应力可能突破C/SiC的极限弹性强度引起的残余塑性形变,而这种不断累积的残余效果继而引起C/SiC刹车盘/片失效。     

补强填料金刚素在橡胶中的应用研究

对补强填料金刚素在橡胶中的应用进行研究,采用金刚素等量替代炭黑N660用于NR和SBR标准配方,胶料的弹性和耐屈挠性能有所改善。采用金刚素部分替代炭黑N375用于胎侧胶和部分替代炭黑N660用于气密层胶,研究表明在轮胎胎侧胶中替代10份以内的高耐磨炭黑,或在轮胎气密层胶中增量替代30份以内的通用炭黑是可行的。     

Effect of shear deformation on interfacial stresses in plated beams subjected to arbitrary loading

Bonding a fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite or metallic plate to the soffit of a reinforced concrete (RC), timber or metallic beam can significantly increase its strength and other aspects of structural performance. These hybrid beams are often found to fail due to premature debonding of the plate from the original beam in a brittle manner. This has led to the development of many analytical solutions over the last two decades to quantify the interfacial shear and normal stresses between the adherends. The adherends are subjected to axial, bending and shear deformations. However, most analytical solutions have neglected the influence of shear deformation of the adherends. For the few solutions which consider this effect in an approximate manner, their applicability is limited to one or two specific load cases. This paper presents a general analytical solution for the interfacial stresses in plated beams under an arbitrary loading with the shear deformation of the adherends duly considered. The shear stress distribution is assumed to be parabolic through the depth of the adherends in predicting the interfacial shear stress and Timoshenko's beam theory is adopted in predicting interfacial normal stress to account for the shear deformation. The solution is applicable to a beam of arbitrary prismatic cross-section bonded symmetrically or asymmetrically with a thin or thick plate, both having linear elastic material properties. The effect of shear deformation is illustrated through an example beam. The influence of material and geometric parameters of the adherends and adhesive on the interfacial stress concentrations at the plate end is discussed.