熔融石英的热及电场诱导机理

详细分析了熔融石英样品经热及电场诱导后 ,建立二阶极化率的机理。该机理表明 ,二阶极化率是由样品耗尽区中偶极子的定向和三阶极化率经强静电场作用共同形成的。在一般条件下诱导 ,前者是主要因素 ;在较高电压诱导时 ,后者是主要因素。推导了二阶极化率的表达式 ,并进行了数值计算。数值结果表明 ,在一般情况下 ,χ3 3 ( 2 ) 约 1pm/V ,χ3 3 ( 2 ) ∶χ3 1( 2 ) 约为 3。理论证明提高诱导的外加电压和选用Na和OH杂质浓度较大的石英材料能提高二阶极化率。     

水解工艺Yb3＋/Al3＋共掺石英玻璃的研制及特性表征

利用四氯化硅(SiCl₄)水解掺杂法结合高 频等离子体粉末熔融技术制备了Yb3＋/Al3＋共掺石英玻璃,并利用 X射 线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱分析和热膨胀分析等对所制备玻璃样品的结 构特性、物理特性和光谱特 性进行了表征。结果表明,制备的Yb3＋/Al3＋共掺石英玻璃的密度和折 射率值与纯石英玻璃相接近,并且呈现出 较好的玻璃态,其热膨胀系数为2.87×10－6,具有较好的Yb3＋和Al 3＋掺杂均匀性,以及Yb3＋典型的吸 收特性和发射特性,表明采用本文方法制备的Yb3＋/Al3＋共掺石英玻璃 已具备成为大功率激光材料的潜质。     

电场极化条件对石英玻璃的电致二阶非线性光学效应的影响

报道了电场极化条件对石英玻璃的电致二阶非线性光学效应的影响的研究结果。通过实验发现，石英玻璃经较高温度下的电场极化作用所产生的二次谐波发生与极化温度、极化电压具有相关性，并表现出一定的规律性：在一定的极化电压下，二次谐波强度在某一适中的温度下达到极值；在一定的极化温度下，二次谐波强度随极化电压的增大而逐渐增强，并渐趋饱和。根据玻璃的电致二阶非线性极化的“偶极子取向”模型，解释了实验结果。     

Sol－Gel法制低密度二氧化硅

用正硅酸乙酯为原料，采用Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ法进行了制备低密度二氧化硅材料的研究。实验表明，酸度、浓度、温度、催化剂对溶胶、凝胶的形成均有不同程度的影响。采用二步Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ法制备低密度二氧化硅可克服一步法的某些缺点。通过实验，确定了反应的最佳条件，制得密度小于１ｇ／ｃｍ３的二氧化硅。     

天然气掺混氢气在家用燃气具上燃烧的安全性及排放性能测试与评价

面对日益严峻的能源短缺和环境恶化问题,氢能作为绿色、高效且具有可持续性的柔性二次能源被广泛关注和研究。借鉴欧洲的电转气技术(power to gas),将可再生能源电解制成氢气后,以一定比例掺入到天然气管网中供给居民使用,被认为是改善城镇燃气质量与烟气排放的有效途径之一。因此,基于互换性理论分析了掺氢天然气作为家用燃气具燃料的掺氢比例,并基于12T基准天然气测试与验证了掺氢天然气在家用燃气具上燃烧的安全性能与排放性能。研究结果表明:①掺氢比例体积分数不应高于20%;②掺氢天然气在家用燃气具中燃烧的点火率、火焰稳定性与烟气排放性能全部合格,未发现安全性问题;③家用燃气具的烟气排放指标满足标准要求,并且随着氢气的体积分数增加,烟气中CO与NO_x排放量有所降低。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组泥页岩硅质来源与油气富集

为了弄清鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长7段和长9段泥页岩硅质来源与油气富集上的差异性,进行了主微量元素分析、全岩黏土X衍射、岩石热解、有机碳分析和扫描电镜观察研究。延长组泥页岩中长7²亚段和长9段在硅质来源、矿物组成、元素组成和有机地化特征方面表现出更多相似之处,而长7³亚段泥页岩与前面2套泥页岩则表现出一定的差异性。长7²亚段和长9段泥页岩中的硅质主要来自于陆源碎屑物质,而长7³亚段泥页岩硅质则表现出2种来源特征,即陆源碎屑来源和湖底热液喷流。延长组长7段和长9段泥页岩均是非常优质的烃源岩。但相比之下,受湖底热液作用的影响,长7³亚段泥页岩残留烃和干酪根含量更高,干酪根类型也更好,页岩油饱和度指数更高。因此,长7³亚段要优于长7²亚段和长9段泥页岩,具有更高的开采价值。     

Adsorption kinetics and enhanced oil recovery by silica nanoparticles in sandstone

This study addresses adsorption kinetics of silica nanoparticles on sandstone mineral surfaces and Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by nanoparticles. It was shown that nanoparticle adsorption on quartz which is the major constituent of sandstone reservoirs was best described as second order process. Both rate and equilibrium adsorption increases with salinity. However, salinity reduces Intraparticle diffusion while enhancing film diffusion. Spontaneous imbibition with nanoparticles dispersed in low salinity water showed higher incremental recovery which may be due to increased structural disjoining pressure. This was supported by surface forces analysis based on particle size and zeta potential measurements of the nanofluids.     

Formulation of fumed silica grease from waste transformer oil as base oil

This study aimed to formulate fumed silica (FS) grease using waste transformer oil (WTO) and to investigate the grease properties. Various unexplored application of the reused WTO due to its reusable characteristic. WTO and fresh transformer oil (ITO) were used as grease base fluid and the properties of oil and grease were evaluated using ASTM International standards and SKF’s Grease Test Kit. The oil and grease chemical compound were determined using Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy at wavenumber of 500–4000?cm^?1. It was found that WTO have high viscosity index of 96 and low moisture content of 0.05% after pre-treatment than ITO. FS greases with and without MoS₂ were classified as NLGI 2 greases when FS content was 8%. Grease formulated with MoS₂ shows better performances in term of corrosiveness, oil bleed within ?15% to +15%, oil separation less than 4%, and dropping point of >300?°C. FTIR results shows no significant different between ITO and WTO, and between all formulated greases. Based on the findings, it was concluded that WTO can be utilized as an alternative base oil in grease formulation due to the good properties exhibited by the formulated WTO-based FS grease blended with MoS₂.     

高纯稀土氧化物中的非稀土杂质的测定流动注射微柱预富集ICP-AES法

利用自合成的碳硅凝胶为吸附材料,以铜试剂［二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠（ＮａＤＤＴＣ）］为柱前衍生化试剂。在优化的实验条件下,于ｐＨ４．６的缓冲介质中在线预富集Ａｌ（Ⅲ）,Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）,Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）,Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）,Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）,Ｖ（Ⅴ）和Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）．采用停流技术洗脱,富集倍数可达８．１～１２．６倍,检出限为ｎｇ／ｍＬ级。对高纯氧化铕（Ｅｕ２Ｏ３）中的非稀土杂质进行测定,可避免大量稀土基体对测定的干扰。     

Grafting kinetics of poly(methyl methacrylate) on microparticulate silica

Grafting of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) on microparticulate silica was achieved by initiating the polymerization of MMA by 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) that was covalently bound to the silica surface. The initiator seems to be destabilized upon binding it to the silica surface. The kinetics of the graft polymerization are described and are largely affected by the Trommsdorff effect, which makes it possible to graft a high amount of PMMA on silica.