重力坝冲沙泄洪闸左导墙抗滑稳定及静动应力分析

为研究冲沙泄洪闸坝段左导墙在复杂地基开挖面上的抗滑稳定及静动应力分布规律,本文运用大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS对冲沙泄洪闸左导墙坝段进行了三维数值仿真计算。研究表明:左导墙坝段建基面处扬压力水头呈现上下游坝段高,中间坝段低的分布特征;各典型纵横断面以及导墙坝段整体在顺河向和横河向上的抗滑稳定安全系数均符合规范要求,不存在滑移问题;左导墙坝段建基面沿坝轴向最大拉应力超出其轴心抗拉强度,竖向最大拉应力区宽度以及最大剪应力等均满足地基承载力要求。但是计算结果反映出,导墙在坝左0+099.00与建基面的结合部位为应力薄弱面,出现了混凝土拉裂破坏的情况,对工程安全造成极大的隐患,建议进一步进行结构优化设计。     

TRD工法水泥土墙现场取芯的三轴渗透试验

为提高TRD工法在国内的应用水平,通过对天津市某基坑项目TRD水泥土墙进行现场取芯,在实验室内进行三轴渗透试验,得出水泥土墙在不同水泥掺入比条件下的芯样渗透系数曲线、不同养护龄期条件下芯样的渗透特性关系和不同土层条件下的芯样渗透系数对比,并分析产生上述曲线关系的原因,得出满足基坑止水要求的水泥经济掺入比和合理的养护龄期,给出了不同龄期下TRD水泥土墙渗透系数与水泥掺入比的经验公式.结果表明,TRD工法优于传统的SM W工法.     

Upper bound limit analysis of roof collapse in shallow tunnels with arbitrary cross sections under condition of seepage force

The analytical solutions for predicting the exact shape of collapse mechanisms in shallow tunnels with arbitrary excavation profiles were obtained by virtue of the upper bound theorem of limit analysis and variation principle according to Hoek-Brown failure criterion. The seepage force was included in the upper bound limit analysis, and it was computed from the gradient of excess pore pressure distribution. The seepage was regarded as a work rate of external force. The numerical results of roof collapse in square and circular tunnels with different rock parameters were derived and discussed, which proves to be valid in comparison with the previous work. The influences of different parameters on the shape of collapsing blocks were also discussed.     

基于示踪剂质量守恒的测流模型研究

地下水渗透流速是一个很重要的水文地质参数,示踪技术可较为准确地估算地下水渗透流速。针对前人计算公式受诸多条件限制或存在不足之处,根据示踪剂质量守恒原理重新建立了示踪稀释物理模型,利用微元法推导了含水层水平流速计算新公式,修正了广义稀释定理,讨论了新公式与传统公式的内在联系,给出了实测数据的处理方法。应用于工程实例,表明采用新公式能够得到更为丰富的含水层水平流速变化信息,并与地质条件相一致,计算结果更为可靠的。     

Competitive Cr3+ occupation in persistent phosphors toward tunable traps distribution for dynamic anti-counterfeiting

Red/near infrared (NIR) long persistent phosphors have received extensive attentions in biomedical, food inspection, iris recognition, biological imaging, etc. Herein, a new phosphor, Li₂ZnGe₃O₈:Cr³⁺, is reported with deep red persistent luminescence peaking at 708 nm. By adjusting the Cr³⁺ doping concentration, the competitive site occupation at [ZnO6] and [GeO6] polyhedral enables different traps behaviors including trap types, trap concentration and trap depth, which in turn leads to different afterglow duration time from 2 to 20 h. The persistent luminescence mechanisms originated from different trap models have been discussed, and it is found that they can cooperate or inhibit each other, enabling different luminescence depending on time. The dynamic anti-counterfeiting applications have been demonstrated, which provides a new way to rationally designing for multi-functional luminescent materials.     

日照苏家村遗址出土钱山漾文化陶鬶的产地研究

日照苏家村遗址位于鲁东南沿海地区,是大汶口文化晚期至龙山文化早中期一处重要的环濠聚落。该遗址新出土的钱山漾文化细长颈袋足鬶(M45:5)作为目前已知南方系陶鬶布最北的一件,揭示出公元前2300年前后中国南北方的区域文化交流。本文通过对苏家村出土钱山漾文化红陶鬶、其他龙山文化红陶鬶及部分苏家村黑陶的主、微量元素分析,结合主成分分析揭示了苏家村本地生产钱山漾文化红陶鬶的可能性,表明龙山文化早中期的制陶业的发展可能伴随着南方系制陶工匠的迁徙。     

Solid-solution hardening and softening by Fe additions to NiAl

Solid-solution hardening in the case of a ternary alloy addition to a B2 compound with the triple defect structure has been investigated. The fact that the ternary element may occupy either of two sublattices or may affect the concentration of other types of point defects present in the material makes this a very interesting problem to consider. Ni-rich (40 at% Al), stoichiometric (50 at% Al), and Al-rich (52 at% Al) alloys were doped with up to 12 at% Fe. Lattice parameter, bulk density and hardness measurements were performed on samples quenched from 1000 °C. It was found that solid-solution softening actually occurs in the Ni-rich alloys, while hardening was observed in the stoichiometric and Al-rich alloys. The vacancy concentration was determined from the experimental data, and the site occupancies of the Fe atoms were estimated from a thermodynamic model. Through careful consideration of all point defect concentrations the solid-solution hardening and softening behaviors could be effectively rationalized.     

电场作用对提高微生物浸矿性能的影响

在排土场微生物强化浸出过程中,结合电场生物工程技术,以氧化亚铁硫杆菌为研究对象,提出利用电场作用提高微生物浸矿性能的方法,探讨电场作用对微生物生长代谢以及渗流特性的影响。结果表明：电场作用对氧化亚铁硫杆菌生长代谢的影响非常明显,适当的电场可有效强化其生长代谢能力,过高的电流会抑制氧化亚铁硫杆菌生长;电场作用下,排土场孔隙中微生物的渗流能力明显增强,微生物电动渗流效应在渗透率高排土场中尤为明显。     

电场作用下浸堆中氧气气体的渗流性质

针对电场作用对堆浸过程中氧气气体在浸堆中传输的影响，在实验室采用三轴渗流实验装置和电场实施装置，研究外加电场作用下浸堆中氧气气体的渗流性质。结果表明：电场作用对浸堆中氧气渗流性质的影响非常明显；电场作用下，氧气气体渗流速度比无电场时要大，并且渗流速度随氧气气体压力梯度增大成线性增加；加电场后，浸堆中氧气气体渗流量随电压（电场强度）升高成线性增大；渗透率越好的浸堆，氧气气体在浸堆中的电动效应越明显。     

微粒渗滤沉积作用对铜矿排土场渗流特性的影响

针对排土场堆浸过程中微粒渗滤沉积作用对矿堆孔隙率的影响，建立微细颗粒沉积和堆体渗流数学模型。在一维条件下，利用有限差分法对模型进行理论计算，并通过实验进行验证，结果表明：微粒的渗滤沉积降低浸堆的孔隙率，增大溶液的渗透阻力；在常流量动水头条件下，渗滤沉积首先发生在模型注液端的20cm以内，沿渗流方向上，流体压力随时间延长而增大；在常水头条件下，随时间的推移，渗流速度逐渐降低，表明堆体的渗透性降低，与排土场浸堆实际情况相符。因此，应采取必要的技术措施，防止微粒渗滤沉积，这对于改善堆体的渗透性和提高浸出率，具有重要的意义。