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81.
82.
Michael A. Scott Michael J. Borden Clemens V. Verhoosel Thomas W. Sederberg Thomas J. R. Hughes 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2011,88(2):126-156
We develop finite element data structures for T‐splines based on Bézier extraction generalizing our previous work for NURBS. As in traditional finite element analysis, the extracted Bézier elements are defined in terms of a fixed set of polynomial basis functions, the so‐called Bernstein basis. The Bézier elements may be processed in the same way as in a standard finite element computer program, utilizing exactly the same data processing arrays. In fact, only the shape function subroutine needs to be modified while all other aspects of a finite element program remain the same. A byproduct of the extraction process is the element extraction operator. This operator localizes the topological and global smoothness information to the element level, and represents a canonical treatment of T‐junctions, referred to as ‘hanging nodes’ in finite element analysis and a fundamental feature of T‐splines. A detailed example is presented to illustrate the ideas. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
83.
Clemens V. Verhoosel Michael A. Scott Thomas J. R. Hughes René de Borst 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2011,86(1):115-134
Continuum damage formulations are commonly used for the simulation of diffuse fracture processes. Implicit gradient damage models are employed to avoid the spurious mesh dependencies associated with local continuum damage models. The C0‐continuity of traditional finite elements has hindered the study of higher order gradient damage approximations. In this contribution we use isogeometric finite elements, which allow for the construction of higher order continuous basis functions on complex domains. We study the suitability of isogeometric finite elements for the discretization of higher order gradient damage approximations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
84.
Holden RM Beseau D Booth SL Adams MA Garland JS Morton RA Collier CP Foley RN 《Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis》2012,16(1):53-58
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is elevated in patients with end-stage kidney disease and has been linked with mortality, vascular calcification, markers of bone turnover, and left ventricular hypertrophy. In this cohort study, we determined the correlates of FGF-23 (including cardiac troponin T [cTNT]) and determined its association with mortality over 3.5 years of follow-up in 103 prevalent hemodialysis patients. Mean age was 61.2 (15.5) and the mean dialysis vintage was 4.19 years (4.6). The median (interquartile range) FGF-23 was 1259 (491, 2885) RU/mL. Independent predictors (estimate standard error) of log-transformed FGF-23 concentrations included phosphorus (0.75 [0.237], P = 0.002) and cardiac troponin T (1.04 [0.41], P = 0.01). There were 57 deaths. In the fully adjusted model, the significant predictors of mortality included age and albumin. The independent association between FGF-23 and cTNT is a novel finding. Whether this relationship supports the possibility that a downstream effect of dysregulated phosphorous homeostasis may be enhanced cardiac remodeling requires further study. 相似文献
85.
R. Noorossana A. Vaghefi M. Dorri 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2011,27(4):425-436
In some statistical process control (SPC) applications, it is assumed that a quality characteristic or a vector of quality characteristics of interest follows a univariate or multivariate normal distribution, respectively. However, in certain applications this assumption may fail to hold and could lead to misleading results. In this paper, we study the effect of non‐normality when the quality of a process or product is characterized by a linear profile. Skewed and heavy‐tailed symmetric non‐normal distributions are used to evaluate the non‐normality effect numerically. The results reveal that the method proposed by Kimtextitet al. (J. Qual. Technol. 2003; 35 :317–328) can be designed to be robust to non‐normality for both highly skewed and heavy‐tailed distributions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
86.
Tae‐Kyoung Uhm Sung‐Kie Youn 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2009,80(4):507-536
A T‐spline surface is a nonuniform rational B‐spline (NURBS) surface with T‐junctions, and is defined by a control grid called T‐mesh. The T‐mesh is similar to a NURBS control mesh except that in a T‐mesh, a row or column of control points is allowed to terminate in the inner parametric space. This property of T‐splines makes local refinement possible. In the present study, shell formulation based on the T‐spline finite element method (FEM) is presented. Shell formulation based on NURBS or T‐splines has fundamental limitations because rotational DOFs, which are necessary in the shell formulation, cannot be defined on control points. In this study, the simple mapping scheme, in which every control point is mapped into one geometric point on the surface, is employed to eliminate the limitations. Using this mapping scheme, T‐spline FEM can be easily extended to the analysis of shells. The proposed shell formulation is verified through various benchmarking problems. This study is a part of the efforts by the authors for the integration of CAD–CAE processes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
87.
介绍了一种黄铜拉链着色新工艺.在室温的条件下,采用化学方法,通过调整着色液浓度和控制时间,可以在黄铜拉链上得到青古铜、红古铜及褐黑色等多种装饰色. 相似文献
88.
通过对煤矿滑动构造的研究,目的是进行煤层断开后的正确恢复与对接,从而客观圈定和估算矿体资源量,正确投入矿山开发设计;这首先就要了解滑动构造的组成。曲梁煤矿滑动构造由滑动面、下伏系统和滑体三部分组成。滑动面:呈凹月面形,浅部斜切岩层,深部在二1煤层上下波动,滑动面上下均出现较厚的构造破碎带;下伏系统:主要有奥陶系、石炭及二叠系底部的砂泥岩组成,其层位均在二1煤层下面起着基盘作用;滑体:位于滑动面之上,主要由二叠系二1煤层以上地层组成,为滑动构造的运动部分。滑动构造的运动方向系多次性来回运动,其证据有:在滑动构造范围内全部为地层缺失,构造带既出现糜棱岩、断层泥等压性特征,同时又出现角砾岩的张性特征,先压后张的规律明显。滑动构造的成因系由燕山早期侏罗纪南北向挤压,煤系地层首先形成褶皱构造,大致以二1煤层为界形成滑动构造,整个地质体分割成上下两部分,在重力和地壳挤压的双重作用下,滑体向滑动至最低点后又随惯性滑向对面滑面斜坡,随后又向回滑,这样来回振荡滑动,状似阻尼单摆运动。燕山晚期早白垩世地壳运动由挤压转为伸展,形成高角度正断层切断了滑面的连续性,使二1煤层错断并下降300~600 m,滑动构造终止。这是通过大量钻探资料的总结得出的认识,有助于地质工作者参考该思路寻找构造缺失的煤矿层,使得我们的矿产地质勘查评价更具合理性。 相似文献
89.
The ejection of a part following die compaction is a critical step in manufacturing powder metal and ceramic parts as well as pharmaceutical tablets. In this paper, the ejection of die-compacted hollow cylinders of heights 0.5 and 1.2?cm from Fe–2%Cu–0.5%C powders mixed with various amounts of (0.2–0.8?wt-%) of ethylene-bis-stearamide (EBS) was studied to understand the effect of lubricant amount and part geometry on the ejection process. Additionally, the ejection data of gears of 0.5 and 1.2?cm die compacted from Fe–2%Cu–0.5%C powders with 0.8?wt-% EBS was analysed to understand the effect of geometry on the ejection process. Several ejection parameters were found to be sensitive to the amount of EBS as well as the size and shape of the parts. The results from the present study indicated that the major portion of the ejection cycle involved the movement of the part within the die. 相似文献
90.
Contrasting experiments of Al killed 60Si2MnA spring steel were carried out between using and excluding calcium treatment under LF refining slags with low and high basicity ratios (R: CaO/SiO2?=?3.4, 5.0), respectively. Results showed the high basicity refining slag had a certain effect on controlling inclusions and improving the cleanness of spring steel similarly to calcium treatment. The T.[O] (total oxygen) content of steel without calcium treatment got to below 15?ppm and the fatigue life was long, up to 7.8?×?106?cycles. But in order to reduce the T.[O] below 10?ppm, as well as inclusion number and size in spring steel further, meanwhile, the appropriate calcium treatment should still be used. Besides, as the [Ca] content in the steel with calcium treatment increased, inclusions transformed from Al2O3–SiO2–CaO–MgO to Al2O3–SiO2–CaO–MgO–CaS completely, which reduced the formations of voids between inclusions and steel matrix, and voids decreased with the increase of CaO/Al2O3 value and CaS content of inclusions. Finally, the fatigue life of spring steel with high basicity slag and calcium treatment increased to 9.1?×?106 cycles. 相似文献