凹型边坡稳定性分析中的侧面力取值方法探讨

尽管凹型边坡的稳定性高于直线边坡是众所周知的,要准确计算凹型边坡的安全系数却很难,因为垂直于滑动方向侧面力对稳定性有影响,但是目前还没有合适方法计算其的大小。出于简化考虑,现有研究多按主动土压力计算该侧向力。为了检验按主动土压力计算该力的合理性,将侧面力分别按主动、静止和被动土压力取值,基于Spencer法概念推导了考虑侧压力的凹型边坡稳定性计算方法,然后用Matlab软件编制了计算程序,分析了三种土压力取值方法下,凹型边坡稳定性安全系数的差异。结果表明,将侧向压力考虑为土压力或静止土压力,凹型边坡的稳定性甚至低于相同条件直线边坡;而将侧向压力考虑为被动土压力,凹型边坡的安全系数结果又显著大于有限差分软件Flac3D分析结果,因此,将凹型边坡的侧压力简单按土压力取为主动、静止和被动土压力都是不合理的,如何计算凹型边坡的侧面力,还需要进一步深入研究。     

考虑参数时空演化规律的黄土边坡极限平衡分析法研究

考虑黄土特殊力学性质的边坡稳定性分析方法研究对于保障国家"西部大开发"战略和"一带一路"倡议的实施具有重要的意义。利用渗流—软化—稳定性分析顺序耦合的研究思路,对地下水位上升条件下的黄土边坡稳定性进行分析。首先借助非饱和非稳定渗流分析理论进行地下水位上升条件下黄土边坡的渗流分析;其次基于渗流分析的计算成果借助水致结构性劣化方程动态更新土体强度参数的空间分布;基于总重度、黏聚力、内摩擦角和孔隙水压力的时空分布规律,采用面力法提出了考虑参数时空演化规律的黄土边坡极限平衡分析法。最后以地下水位上升条件下白鹿塬边某黄土边坡为例,通过考虑参数时空演化规律的黄土边坡稳定性Spencer法和M-P法计算成果之间的相互对比分析,同时将这些成果与现场勘察迹象进行对比,从而说明考虑参数时空演化规律的黄土边坡极限平衡分析法的合理性和可靠性。     

基于结构面网络模拟技术的边坡楔形体分析方法研究

山区高速公路的建设日益增多,岩质高边坡越来越多地出现于工程建设之中。对于完整性较好的岩质边坡,楔形体破坏是常见的边坡破坏类型之一。由于楔形体数量多,规模及稳定性都差别较大,位置也不固定,在勘探过程中难以确定,给边坡稳定性分析及设计带来很大不便。依据楔形体几何结构条件,将楔形体分成Ⅰ型(出现于坡肩,由两条相交的结构面与坡顶、坡面共同包围形成)和Ⅱ型(出现于坡面,由三条结构面与坡面共同包围形成),利用结构面三维网络模拟技术,对岩质边坡工程中楔形体进行随机分析和分步筛选,发展了搜索楔形体及其稳定性评价方法,用以指导边坡评价、设计和加固治理,并在厦沙高速的边坡稳定性分析中尝试应用。结果表明:对于岩质边坡,可根据楔形体的几何构成条件,利用楔形体分析方法,可以从岩体三维结构数字模型中抽取楔形体,并进行楔形体稳定性分析;通过Ⅰ型楔形体和Ⅱ型楔形体的对比,当边坡坡高较大时,Ⅱ型楔形体数量远远大于Ⅰ型楔形体,因此应更重视对Ⅱ型楔形体的研究。     

预应力碳纤维布加固钢筋再生混凝土梁受弯承载力研究

试验浇筑4组再生粗骨料掺量为0%、40%、70%、100%的钢筋再生混凝土梁,根据预应力碳纤维布拉断破坏和剥离破坏的界限加固量,每组对2根钢筋再生混凝土梁进行预裂破坏后,分别进行预应力碳纤维布一层和两层加固,然后对4组钢筋再生混凝土梁进行受弯承载力试验。试验表明：随着预应力碳纤维布加固量的增大,加固梁的受弯承载力增大,梁屈服时,纯弯段受拉区横向裂缝数量增多且宽度较小;随着再生粗骨料掺量的增大,加固梁受弯承载力降低,梁屈服时,裂缝数量减少、宽度增大。最后依据试验结果与平截面假定,结合再生粗骨料掺量对钢筋再生混凝土梁受弯承载力的影响,考虑钢筋再生混凝土梁的二次受力,建立了预应力碳纤维布加固钢筋再生混凝土梁的受弯承载力计算公式。计算结果表明：受弯承载力计算值与试验值吻合较好,可以为预应力碳纤维布加固钢筋再生混凝土梁设计提供参考。     

地震和降雨耦合作用下黄土边坡动力响应的振动台试验研究

2013年岷漳Ms6.6级地震诱发的永光村泥流状滑坡表明,单一因素下稳定的黄土边坡在地震和降雨耦合作用下会诱发严重的岩土灾害。因此,基于防御与减轻地震灾害的现实需求,开展了地震和降雨耦合作用下黄土边坡振动台模型试验,通过加载卓越频率差异较大的原始波和压缩波,研究了地震和降雨耦合作用下黄土边坡的动力响应特征。试验结果表明:边坡动力作用过程,土体微结构不断损伤演化,土体动力参数——共振频率与阻尼比随动载强度增大不断调整变化,从而引起边坡不同部位加速度响应特征(频谱、幅度)的变化。PGA放大效应取决于边坡自振频率与荷载主频接近程度,当二者愈接近,放大效应越明显,反之放大效应越弱甚至响应衰减(放大系数小于1)。根据边坡模型宏观变形以及相关物理量的变化特征,地震和降雨耦合作用下的边坡失稳破坏过程可划分为:弹性动变形阶段、残余变形快速增加阶段、液化滑移阶段,不同阶段边坡动力响应各具特点。     

A new design equation for drained stability of conical slopes in cohesive-frictional soils

New plasticity solutions to the drained stability of conical slopes in homogeneous cohesive-frictional soils were investigated by axisymmetric finite element limit analysis. Three parameters were studied, i.e. excavated height ratios, slope inclination angles, and soil friction angles. The influences of these parameters on the stability factor and predicted failure mechanism of conical slopes were discussed. A new design equation developed from a nonlinear regression of the lower bound solution was proposed for drained stability analyses of a conical slope in practice. Numerical examples were given to demonstrate a practical application of the proposed equation to stability evaluations of conical slopes with both associated and non-associated flow rules.     

Hill slope instability of Nainital City,Kumaun Lesser Himalaya,Uttarakhand, India

Nainital City of Kumaun Lesser Himalaya is prone to mass wasting processes during monsoon season, which mischievously triggers the hill slope instability in this region. Slate, dolomitic limestone, silty sandstone and rhythmite of the Krol Formation are the main rock types. The present study focuses on the investigation of slope stability in the region in terms of potential seismicity and landslide. Geological and geotechnical mapping indicates that the major portion of the area is characterized by slope wash materials and buildings. The combination of 3–4 joint sets with one random joint is the main structure at outcrops. The major geological structures of this area are Nainital lake fault passing from the center of the lake, Main Boundary Thrust at SW, and Khuriya Fault passing from the SE direction of Nainital City. This work finds that different types of discontinuities (e.g. joints and faults), overburden due to unplanned civil structures, and neotectonic activity in the vicinity of this area affect the stability of the city. The slate forms the base of the city, dipping slightly towards the lake side along the NW direction, thus accelerating the instability of this area. Rock mass rating (RMR), slope mass rating, factor of safety (FOS) and graphical analysis of the discontinuity for slope kinematics indicate that the study area is a landslide-prone zone. This study can facilitate reducing the risk of human life, and contribute to the ongoing construction works in the area.     

Stability analysis of layered slopes in unsaturated soils

This study presents stability analyses of layered soil slopes in unsaturated conditions and uses a limit equilibrium method to determine the factor of safety involving suction stress of unsaturated soil. One-dimensional steady infiltration and evaporation conditions are considered in the stability analyses. An example of a two-layered slope in clay and silt is selected to verify the used method by comparing with the results of other methods. Parametric analyses are conducted to explore the influences of the matric suction on the stability of layered soil slopes. The obtained results show that larger suction stress provided in unsaturated clay dominates the stability of the layered slopes. Therefore, the location and thickness of the clay layer have significant influences on slope stability. As the water level decreases, the factor of safety reduces and then increases gradually in most cases. Infiltration/evaporation can obviously affect the stability of unsaturated layered slopes, but their influences depend on the soil property and thickness of the lower soil layer.     

不同加强措施下轴压部分包覆钢-混凝土组合柱抗火性能研究

由于型钢翼缘外露,部分包覆钢-混凝土组合(PEC)柱耐火极限很难满足设计需求。为探究PEC柱抗火性能加强方法,得到经济合理的加强措施,通过ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立了轴压作用下PEC柱的温度场及热力学性能有限元分析模型,并用已有试验数据验证模型可靠性,探讨了PEC柱在高温下的温度变化、受力机理和破坏模式。对不同加强措施下轴压PEC柱抗火性能进行了参数分析,研究了荷载比、纵筋配筋率、翼缘面积比、截面尺寸、长细比和防火涂料厚度等参数对PEC柱耐火极限的影响规律。结果表明:PEC柱耐火极限随荷载比、长细比、翼缘面积比的降低而明显提高,随着防火涂料厚度与截面尺寸的增加而明显提高; 在参数分析的基础上,回归得到考虑防火涂料厚度影响的PEC柱耐火极限简化计算公式,研究结果将为PEC构件抗火设计提供科学依据。     

SWR-PM加固层与混凝土界面黏结性能试验研究

进行了钢丝绳-聚合物砂浆（SWR-PM）加固层与混凝土的单面剪切试验,研究了混凝土强度、加固层黏结长度和加载端受压高度对试件破坏形态及剥离承载力的影响规律.结果表明：试件的破坏形态包括界面剥离破坏、混凝土拉剪破坏及混合破坏;界面剥离承载力随着黏结长度的增加而增长,直至黏结长度超过有效黏结长度后,剥离承载力才趋于稳定;试件的破坏荷载随着混凝土强度的增大而提高.建立了加固层黏结长度与界面剥离承载力的关系计算式,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好.