氮气正压射孔方式探讨

氮气正压射孔是油管传送负压射孔工艺的发展 ,它集正压射孔、负压反向冲击和气体压裂为一体 ,旨在解除污染、提高产能 ,具体作业方式由施工井的各项敏感指标决定。结合现场应用经验 ,详细分析了三类点火装置的适用性和可操作性 ;以投棒点火为例 ,浅述了四种基本模式的应用条件和特点 ;提出了保持冲击裂缝导流能力的可行方法     

酒西盆地老君庙构造带油气来源的探讨

酒西盆地自从发现鸭儿块、老君庙、石油沟及柳沟庄等油气田以来，大多数学者认为油气来自青南凹陷。经过对原油物性、含氮化合物、山前推覆体构造、已发现油气储量占油气资源的比例及近几年油气勘探进展的分析，认为老君庙与石油沟的油气中的较大部分应是山前推覆体之下掩埋的下白垩统烃源岩所生成。图3表1参18     

胜利油田充氮气欠平衡压力钻井技术

充氮气欠平衡压力钻井技术具有保护油气层、提高单井产量、提高钻井速度且安全可靠等优点，适应于低压低渗透、裂缝油气藏以及老油区开发。系统介绍了充氮气欠平衡钻井的主要设备及工艺技术，并以3口井为例，介绍了其现场应用情况。实践表明，该技术能明显提高油井产量(邻井的3～5倍)．且钻井事故及井下复杂情况明显减少。     

基于近红外光谱的大黄鱼新鲜度评价模型

目的 探索定量评价大黄鱼新鲜度的方法。方法 在整鱼背部采集近红外光谱, 将原始光谱预处理后分别与挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、菌落总数建立偏最小二乘(PLS)模型、区间偏最小二乘(iPLS)模型、向后区间偏最小二乘(biPLS)模型和联合区间偏最小二乘(siPLS)模型。结果 biPLS模型的精度最高、预测性能最佳。TVB-N的biPLS模型的校正集和预测集相关系数分别为0.8371和0.7652; 菌落总数的biPLS模型的校正集和预测集相关系数分别为0.878和0.7009。结论 大黄鱼的近红外光谱信息与其TVB-N、菌落总数间都存在较高的相关性, 所建模型可以快速、无损地定量评价大黄鱼的新鲜度。     

基于可视传感器阵列的鳊鱼新鲜度评价模型研究

目的 建立基于可视传感器阵列的鳊鱼新鲜度评价模型。方法 研究采用可视传感阵列与鱼体进行无接触式反应, 提取阵列反应前后的颜色变化信息来表征鱼的气味特征; 同时根据行业标准SC/T3032-2007测得表征鱼新鲜度的挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)含量; 将可视传感技术所得的特征信息与TVB-N指标含量进行关联, 分别建立基于可视传感技术鱼新鲜度评价的定性模型BP神经网络和联合间隔偏最小二乘法(siPLS)定量模型。结果 BP神经网络模型精度较高, 训练集正确率为86.79%, 预测集正确率为86.43%; siPLS模型次之, 模型校正集和预测集的正确率分别为82.52%和80.67%。结论 可视传感器新技术所测得指标与TVB-N相关性较大, 可快速预测出鱼在储藏期间TVB-N的变化从而能够快速、无损地评价鱼类新鲜度。     

有机无机肥配施对白肋烟生长发育及品质的影响

通过考察不同施肥处理白肋烟田间农艺性状及主要生理指标,研究了有机肥和无机肥配施对白肋烟生长发育及品质的影响.结果表明:施用无机肥处理的大田烟株,各农艺性状指标均明显优于施用有机肥处理;有机和无机肥配施,其烟株主要生理指标和调制后烟叶的内在化学成分协调性,均优于施用无机肥或有机肥处理;亩施基肥500 kg有机肥、追肥4 kg纯氮有利于白肋烟的生长发育及品质提高.     

Cytoprotective effects of geraniin against peroxynitrite- and peroxyl radical-induced cell death via free radical scavenging activity

The role of natural antioxidants in combating the deleterious effects of free radicals has received much attention. In the present study, the cytoprotective effects and the free radical scavenging activity of geraniin, a hydrolysable ellagitannin from Nephelium lappaceum rind, were evaluated by using various approaches. Addition of geraniin to the culture media resulted in a profound cytoprotective effect against damages induced by the peroxynitrite generator 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), and the peroxyl radical generator 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH). Geraniin exhibits more potent cytoprotective activity than that of 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox). Geraniin exhibited potent antioxidant activity against reactive species, such as nitric oxide, superoxide anion, and chemically synthesized peroxynitrite. Kinetic analysis of reactivity against peroxyl radicals generated by AAPH revealed that geraniin possesses potent reactivity against peroxyl radicals with higher stoichiometric number than Trolox. The cytoprotective effect of geraniin was only observed when geraniin and these toxic compounds were co-existing, suggesting that geraninn exhibits cytoprotective effects via free radical scavenging activity in the extracellular fluid.     

潮汕鱼酱油营养成分分析与品质评价

测定分析潮汕鱼酱油的营养成分,并与其他国家产鱼酱油进行比较。结果表明:鱼酱油含盐量偏高,潮汕鱼酱油的含盐量最高,达30%,但潮汕鱼酱油挥发性盐基氮与三甲胺氮的比值最小,发酵品质较好。潮汕鱼酱油中必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比值(EAA/TAA)为51.23%,必需氨基酸占非必需氨基酸的比值(EAA/NEAA)为105.04%,必需氨基酸总量与氨基酸总量之比高于FAO/WHO的理想模式,且含有110.53mg/100mL的牛磺酸,是一种营养价值较高的咸鲜调味品。潮汕鱼酱油中含有丰富的钙等微量元素,可以补充矿物质。潮汕鱼酱油是低值海鱼的天然发酵产物,其抗氧化活性达90.51%,三氯乙酸(TCA)可溶性短肽为28.49mg/mL。     

Nitrogen starvation induces expression of Lg‐FLO1 and flocculation in bottom‐fermenting yeast

When exponentially growing cells of bottom‐fermenting yeast were starved for nitrogen or were grown on proline (a non‐preferred nitrogen source), flocculation was induced. This flocculation was not induced by starvation for either carbon or amino acids. Expression of Lg‐FLO1, which is required for flocculation of bottom‐fermenting yeast, was also found to be induced by starvation for nitrogen. This suggests that the flocculation of bottom‐fermenting yeast is under the control of a nitrogen catabolite repression (NCR)‐like mechanism. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于电子鼻技术快速检测带鱼新鲜度的研究

气味是判断水产品品质的重要指标之一。利用电子鼻技术检测不同贮藏条件下的带鱼气味成分,并与pH和挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)等指标进行对比分析,建立了一种基于电子鼻技术的带鱼新鲜度快速检测方法。结果表明,4℃和0℃两个温度下,随着贮藏时间的延长,带鱼气味成分发生显著变化,氮氧化合物、硫化物、有机硫化物及芳香成分等是带鱼品质恶化的主要来源;采用主成分分析(PCA)、线性判别分析(LDA)均可以区分不同新鲜度的带鱼;利用电子鼻技术得到带鱼的贮藏品质区分结果与TVBN分析结果基本一致,电子鼻技术可用于带鱼新鲜度的快速有效判定。