好氧管式膜生物反应器处理高含盐有机废水的研究

采用好氧管式膜生物反应器处理不同含盐浓度的有机废水 ,研究结果表明 (1)进水COD浓度在 2 0 0 0～ 30 0 0mg/L时 ,出水COD在 179～ 2 2 3mg/L之间 ,COD平均去除率在 89.5 %以上 ;(2 )MBR处理高盐度有机废水耐冲击负荷的能力较强 ,出水水质稳定 ;(3)当膜的TMP =0 .1MPa,盐度为 1.0 %、1.5 %、2 .0 %时 ,管式膜的稳定运行通量分别为30、2 4、2 1L/ (m2 ·h) ,整个运行过程中没有进行膜清洗     

SBBR与SBR氧传质特性比较研究

在试验条件相同的情况下,进行了序批式膜生物反应器SBBR与SBR的清水充氧试验,氧传质特性比较研究结果表明:当曝气强度为0.3m3/h时,SBBR的(KLa)20和Eo2值均为SBR的1.59倍。SBBR具有更好的氧传质能力和更高的氧转移效率。     

电镀污泥中铬的去除工艺优化

以某公司的电镀污泥为研究对象,针对污泥中含铬量高的特点,提出了去除铬的处理工艺.根据铬在污泥中存在的状态,采用硫酸作为浸出试剂.通过正交试验,考察了硫酸浓度、浸出时间、反应温度、搅拌速率等对铬去除率的影响,同时也对去除机理进行了探讨.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)显示,电镀污泥中铬的质量分数为22.05%;取此种污泥2g,用10mol/L的硫酸溶解,在固液比(质量分数)为15∶1,搅拌速率为800r/m,待反应90min后,可使污泥中各种形态的铬溶解于硫酸中,从而去除污泥中的铬.此种方法操作简单可行,污泥中铬的去除率可达90%以上.浸出的铬可进一步综合利用,剩余污泥也可安全填埋,有利于减少此类污泥对环境甚至生态系统的危害.     

污泥热干燥粘结的特征和影响因素

污泥热干燥过程中在干燥设备内部表面的粘结是影响干燥设备性能的重要因素。通过热干燥模拟实验,分析了污泥含水率、加热温度、加热方式、加热界面性质等因素对污泥粘结的影响。结果表明,含水率是影响污泥粘结最主要的因素,污泥含水率较高时,粘结量较少,随着污泥干燥程度增加,含水率降低,粘结量逐渐增加,当含水率达到60%左右时粘结量达到最大,之后转而减少;加热温度不超过120℃时,温度对污泥粘结的影响不明显,加热温度高于120℃时,污泥粘结量随温度升高而显著增加;传导加热方式比对流加热方式更易导致污泥粘结;加热接触界面的表面粗糙度越大则污泥粘结量越大。     

Properties and mechanism of red mud in preparation of ultra-lightweight sludge-red mud ceramics

New ultra-lightweight sludge-red mud ceramics (ULS-RMC) were prepared by red mud (RM), clay and dried sewage sludge (DSS). The properties and mechanism of RM in the preparation of ULS-RMC were discussed. The chemical components, thermal properties and mineral phases of RM were determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), differential scanning calorimetry/thermal gravimetric analysis (DSC/TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Constant dosage of DSS to clay and different amounts of RM were utilized in the preparation of ULS-RMC. Physical properties test (bulk density, grain density, water absorption and expansion ratio), XRD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize the ULS-RMC. The results show that RM exhibits high hydroscopic property and good water-retention property, and bloating property and fluxing property of RM are caused by abound of gaseous components and flux, respectively. The two chemical properties are utilized to discuss the mineral phases and microstructures differences between ULSC and ULS-RMC.     

好氧颗粒污泥脱氮除磷效率研究

以实验室模拟废水为进水,在SBR反应器中利用好氧颗粒污泥进行N、P的去除效率研究.研究表明:在运行周期约为4h,进水COD控制在500～1200 mg/L之间,室温条件下,好氧颗粒污泥对COD、氨氮、硝氮、TP的去除率稳定维持在97％、95％、92％、86％,说明好氧颗粒污泥特有的结构特性和生物特性有利于脱氮除磷.     

浸提时间对城市污泥重金属浸出特性的影响

在研究含工业废水污泥中Zn、Cu、Pb、Cr、Mn、Ni含量的基础上,应用固体废物浸出毒性方法,以不同浸出时间对污泥中重金属的浸出特性进行了实验研究.结果表明:污泥中Mn和Zn含量较高,其次为Cu和Ni,而毒性较大的Pb和Cr含量较低.浸提时间对污泥中重金属的浸出具有重要影响,污泥中的Zn、Cu、Ni最大浸出浓度在8h时,而Fe和Mn随着浸提时间增加而增加;浸提时间对污泥中重金属浸出量的影响因该重金属的化学性质不同而存在较明显的差别,这可能与浸提过程中的吸附-解吸过程、络合-解离过程和溶解-沉淀/共沉淀等因素有关.     

Performance of Sewage Sludge Treatment and Electricity Generation by Different Configuration Microbial Fuel Cells

This paper compared the degradation efficiency of sludge organic matters and electric-production by two typical microbial fuel cells——dual-chamber microbial fuel cell(DMFC)and single chamber air cathode microbial fuel cell(SAMFC),and the variations of sludge protein,polysaccharide and ammonia nitrogen within the systems were also investigated.The results showed that the concentration of sludge soluble chemical oxygen demand,protein and carbohydrate of DMFC are higher than these of SAMFC during the systems operation,while DMFC can achieve a better ammonia nitrogen removal than SAMFC.Under the same operation condition,the stable voltage output of DMFC and SAMFC is 0.61 V and 0.37 V;the maximum power density of DMFC and SAMFC is 2.79 W/m3and 1.25 W/m3;TCOD removal efficiency of DMFC and SAMFC is 34.14%and 28.63%for 12 d,respectively.Meanwhile,DMFC has a higher coulomb efficiency than SAMFC,but both are less than5%.The results showed that DMFC present a better performance on sludge degradation and electric-production.     

Recycle of valuable products from oily cold rolling mill sludge

Oily cold rolling mill （CRM） sludge contains lots of iron and alloying elements along with plenty of hazardous organic components, which makes it as an attractive secondary source and an environmental contaminant at the same time. The compound methods of ＂vacuum distillation ＋ oxidizing roasting＂ and ＂vacuum distillation ＋ hydrogen reduction＂ were employed for the recycle of oily cold rolling mill sludge. First, the sludge was dynamically vacuum distilled in a rotating furnace at 50 r/rain and 600℃ for 3 h, which removed almost hazardous organic components, obtaining 89.2wt% ferrous resultant. Then, high purity ferric oxide powders （99.2wt%） and reduced iron powders （98.9wt%） were obtained when the distillation residues were oxidized and reduced, respectively. The distillation oil can be used for fuel or chemical feedstock, and the distillation gases can be collected and reused as a fuel.     

污泥资源化关键装置的构造设计

为解决城市生活污水处理后的副产品污泥的二次污染问题,提出将有害的污泥变成有用资源的机械设计模型。基于污泥脱水后与煤粉颗粒混合、成型形成可燃烧燃料的功能规划,在研究分析机构混合送进腔型和湿固体颗粒体物料受力运动之间的相互牵连关系的基础上,以进出物料总量的平衡和湿固体颗粒体物料在机构中充分混合的运动特性为理论依据,建立了以曲线外壁、变螺距螺旋叶片腔型的结构模型,经试验验证,获得污泥资源化关键装置结构模型的参数与约束关系,由此为自主研制开发新型高效的现代污水处理装置的关键设备提供理论基础。