An Autophagy-Disrupting Small Molecule Promotes Cancer Cell Death via Caspase Activation

A novel autophagy inhibitor, autophazole (Atz), which promoted cancer cell death via caspase activation, is described. This compound was identified from cell-based high-content screening of an imidazole library. The results showed that Atz was internalized into lysosomes of cells where it induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). This process generated nonfunctional autolysosomes, thereby inhibiting autophagy. In addition, Atz was found to promote LMP-mediated apoptosis. Specifically, LMP induced by Atz caused release of cathepsins from lysosomes into the cytosol. Cathepsins in the cytosol cleaved Bid to generate tBid, which subsequently activated Bax to induce mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). This event led to cancer cell death via caspase activation. Overall, the findings suggest that Atz will serve as a new chemical probe in efforts aimed at gaining a better understanding of the autophagic process.     

一种消除小直径管道焊接应力技术的数值分析

小直径管道的应力腐蚀问题一直是工程界较难解决的问题，作者针对这一难题，提出了一种新型的消除应力方法——温差形变处理技术。利用MSC．Marc大型通用非线性有限元分析软件，对小直径管道环缝焊接接头的原始残余应力及温差形变法消除残余应力进行了有限元模拟，得到了一系列关于加热位置、加热宽度和加热持续时间的数据和规律。结果表明，采用温差形变处理技术，在内外表面的焊缝处都可以得到零值左右的残余应力，从而为进一步的试验分析工作和工程应用奠定了基础。     

饰品金合金微量添加元素研究现状

从提高强度、防止氧化、提高铸造性能以及细化晶粒几个方面综述了饰品金合金中微量添加元素的一些研究现状。对不同微量添加元素对饰品金合金性能的影响、相应的副作用,作用机理以及加入量的确定等方面进行了综合评述。并对饰品金合金微量添加元素的发展进行了展望。     

小冲孔蠕变试验技术

小冲孔蠕变试验技术是获取在役构件蠕变性能的一种新方法，由于它具有接近无损取样的特点，因此受到学术界和工业界的广泛重视。本文简要回顾了小冲孔蠕变试验技术的发展及应用，重点介绍了典型小冲孔蠕变试验装置的组成及结构，指出了小冲孔蠕变试验技术目前存在的问题和广阔的应用前景。     

含Li的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金沉淀析出过程的定量分析

应用小角度X射线散射技术结合TEM分析定量的描述Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Li合金时效过程中析出相尺寸分布和形貌等信息。通过分析确定合金在几种时效状态下析出相为轴比在0．2～0．4之间的扁回转椭球形。确定了析出相特征尺寸的对数正态分布和质量依回转半径的Maxwell分布。并分析分布曲线随动力强度Ks的变化特征，可以看出，析出相尺寸和质量分布曲线基本满足随动力强度增加，几何平均值增加，分布范围变宽。     

中国铝型材企业如何适应未来的市场需求

介绍了目前我国铝型材的市场状况，指出中国铝型材企业未来的市场状况将与日本15年前的市场状况相似，也指出了我国型材企业目前与先进国家的差距及如何赶上的措施。     

细丝窄间隙埋弧焊工艺参数寻优

主要研究A105钢小直径焊丝埋弧焊时,电弧电压、焊接电流和焊接热输入对焊缝成形的影响.在反复调节不同焊接工艺参数进行平板表面堆焊试验的基础上,得出保证最佳焊缝成形时,电弧电压与焊接电流的关系,以及它们的最佳匹配值,并量化了焊接热输入与焊缝宽度之间的关系.为窄间隙埋弧焊提供了有益的经验,同时也为小直径焊丝焊接工艺的全面优化奠定基础.     

基于TW-SVM预测模型的某堆石坝变形预测分析

为提高监测资料有缺失的大坝变形预测模型精度,采用支持向量机方法建立一种具有小样本、高维、非线性的预测模型,并结合对其重要组成部分核函数的分析应用,提出一种根据结构风险最小化的TW-SVM预测模型。以某堆石坝为例进行研究,利用坝坡垂直位移和水平位移的监测数据,分别采用TW-SVM方法和BP神经网络(NET)方法建立相应预测模型进行比较分析。结果表明:采用TW-SVM方法和NET方法预测的垂直位移最大绝对误差分别为0.58 mm和6.18 mm,最大相对误差分别为270.00%和1 286.22%;采用TW-SVM方法和NET方法预测的水平位移最大绝对误差分别为0.25 mm和14.91 mm,最大相对误差分别为31.25%和1 189.85%;TW-SVM预测模型比NET预测模型更适合于影响因素为时间、水位的小样本预测分析。研究结果为堆石坝变形预测与分析提供参考。     

Local‐scale Benefits of River Connectivity Restoration Planning Beyond Jurisdictional Boundaries

Conservation planning aims to optimize outcomes for select species or ecosystems by directing resources toward high‐return sites. The possibility that local benefits might be increased by directing resources beyond the focal area is rarely considered. We present a case study of restoring river connectivity for migratory fish of the Great Lakes Basin by removing dams and road crossings within municipal jurisdictions versus their broader watersheds. We found that greater river connectivity could often be achieved by considering both intra‐jurisdictional and extra‐jurisdictional barriers. Focusing on jurisdictional barriers alone generally forfeited <20% (median = 0%) of habitat gains for those who value solely habitat gains within the jurisdiction, but >75% (median = 100%) for planners who value larger‐scale habitat gains. Similarly, cost savings tended to be between ?50% and +50%, but in some cases were very negative. Our study underscores the local‐scale benefits of broadening restoration investments, especially for decision makers of the Great Lakes Basin and contributes to a discussion of appropriate and efficient scales of conservation planning. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Consequences of different cutting regimes on regrowth and nutrient stoichiometry of Sparganium erectum L. and Potamogeton natans L.

Aquatic vegetation forms an essential component in freshwater ecosystems but due to changed environmental and anthropogenic conditions often needs management to reduce nuisance for human land‐use. In this paper, the authors looked at the regrowth of two macrophyte species (Potamogeton natans and Sparganium erectum) in two lowland rivers under different cutting treatments. After an initial cross‐sectional transect was manually removed from bank to bank at the beginning of the growth season, a monthly repetitive removal of biomass in plots on that transect was done during the rest of the growth season (testing frequency of mowing). Additional new transects were also cut in subsequent months (testing timing of mowing). Finally, biomass was repetitively removed in plots in those additional transects too (testing frequency of mowing × timing of mowing). The biomass at the end of the growth season was analysed for C, N, P, and Si. It was demonstrated that timing and frequency of vegetation cutting has an important effect on the capacity and rate of species' recovery and therefore on the efficiency of the applied management. Nutrient stoichiometry of the regrown biomass was directly affected by cutting. Caused by differences in the applied timing and frequency of the cutting, C/N and N/P ratios and BSi concentrations were highly variable. Yet, overall, there was a clear tendency towards a higher C/N ratio and BSi concentration and lower N/P ratio in biomass that recovered after cutting. This human impact on the quantity and quality of autochthonous organic matter may have knock‐on effects on the decomposers food web and mineralization process.