Use of rosemary extract in preventing oxidation during deep-fat frying of potato chips

The effect of using a rosemary extract on the stability of oil used for frying potato chips has been evaluated. Sliced potatoes were fried intermittently in soybean oil containing a natural extract from rosemary. The conditions used for frying were 185°C for 90 s. Two separate experiments, with and without replenishment of oil, were carried out. Oil samples were taken each day, not only from the frying pans but also by extraction with hexane from the chips. Changes in the induction period of the oil samples (Rancimat method) were determined. The induction period decreased as frying progressed. The reduction in the induction period was higher in the oil free of rosemary extract, and the chips were much darker in color. The oil containing the extract showed greater antioxidant activity, and reduced darkening and rancidity of the oil. Potato chips fried in the oil with added rosemary extract were more acceptable than chips fried in oil containing no extract until the last frying. The free radical scavenging activity of rosemary extract in comparison to other natural antioxidants was also determined by the reduction of O₂ ^.- in a hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase system.     

UHMWPE混炼接枝马来酸酐研究

讨论了超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)混炼接枝马来酸酐(MAH)过程中，单体MAH用量、引发剂DCP用量、交联抑制剂己内酰胺(CAILA)用量、流动改性剂硬脂酸钙(CaSt2)用量及混炼温度、时间等工艺条件对UHMWPE接枝率和凝胶含量的影响。用红外光谱表征了接枝物的存在。并用滴定分析法和重量分析法测定了接枝物UHMWPE～g～MAH的接枝率和凝胶含量。实验表明，MAH用量为5份、DCP为0．15份、CALA为0．1份、CaSt2为1份时。混炼温度175∽180℃。混炼时间14min时，可得到接枝率0．75％、凝胶含量1．48%的UHMWPE接枝物。     

Direct observation of induction period of MTO process with consecutive pulse reaction system

The initial transformation of methanol over HZSM-5 catalyst was investigated by a consecutive pulse reaction system. The reactant–catalyst contact time influenced the initial methanol transformation and the performances implied methanol reaction in induction period or under steady-state condition. The induction period, in which an organic-free HZSM-5 catalyst could be transferred to a working catalyst, were directly observed. The analysis result of the product stream predicted hydrogen-deficient species deposition over catalyst surface at the beginning of MTO reaction. The hydrogen transfer level of steady-state MTO reaction also varied with reaction contact time.     

核电工程项目调试工期的影响因素与优化

调试启动工作是核电工程项目进度控制中非常重要的环节,对整个工程的顺利投入运行有着重要的作用。如果调试工期过长,则会导致核电工程不能按期交付使用,从而对整个核电工程的进度造成影响。主要探讨了核电工程项目调试工期的影响因素和优化措施。     

气升式环流反应器强制振荡周期对传质影响的研究

在同一反应器中比较了不同振荡周期下的气液传质特性,为最优强制振荡周期的确定提供了实验依据和分析基础。选择体积传质系数及气含率作为传质研究的主要评价指标,实验结果表明,动态操作下的传质效果明显优于稳态,而不同振荡周期传质效果也大不一样。在0.8~2.4m3h-1的气速范围内,由静压力、导流管顶部截面流体速度、全床气含率(及传质系数)周期性变化所确定的振荡周期TP、TV、TK比稳态操作下的全床平均传质系数分别提高了3.92%~27.3%,2.35%~24.5%,28.2%~43.3%。由反应器内全床平均气含率或传质系数确定的振荡周期TK是最佳振荡周期。     

氯代邻硝基甲苯精制方法的改进

文章讨论了用精馏和熔融结晶粗制氯代邻硝基甲苯的工艺，以及方法的改进。     

Time Deformation,Continuous Euler Processes and Forecasting

Abstract. A continuous Euler model has time‐varying coefficients. Through a logarithmic time transformation, a continuous Euler model can be transformed to a continuous autoregressive (AR) model. By using the continuous Kalman filtering through the Laplace method, this article explores the data application of a continuous Euler process. This time deformation of an Euler process deforms specific time‐variant (non‐stationary) behaviour to time‐invariant (stationary) data on the deformed time scale. With these time‐invariant data on the transformed time scale, one may use traditional tools to conduct parameter estimation and forecasts. The obtained results can then be transformed back to the original time scale. Simulated data and actual data such as bat echolocation and the US residential investment growth are used to demonstrate the usefulness of time deformation in forecasting. The results indicate that fitting a traditional autoregressive moving‐average (ARMA) model on an Euler data set without imposing time transformation leads to forecasts that are out of phase while the forecasts of an Euler model stay mostly in phase.     

基于半周期预测的减摇水舱控制方法及验证

可控被动式减摇水舱能够通过气阀控制空气连通道延长了水舱的固有周期,实现宽频船舶横摇减摇.关阀时刻和关阀时间与船体横摇运动规律相关,由于船体在海浪中的随机运动难以准确计算.小波神经网络的半周期预测控制方法,预测船体横摇的下一个半周期,实时计算控制参数,拓宽减摇频带.通过半实物仿真验证,较传统的方法减摇性能有明显提升.     

Melting aspects of filled compounds in a modular co‐rotating twin screw extruder

In the polymer industry, precompounded materials are widely used. Carefully designed melting experiments were carried out to investigate melting mechanisms in master batched polymer compounds, using an intermeshing co‐rotating twin screw extruder. Calcium carbonate or aluminum powder was master batched with linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE). The calcium carbonates, which were used in the compounds, have differences in weight fraction and particle size. The compounds containing filler have higher thermal conductivities and viscosities than neat polyethylene. We observed melting initiation and propagation mechanisms of LLDPE compounds by removal and characterization of polymer compound carcasses in the melting region. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1990–2012, 2006     

低熔封接微晶玻璃无铅化的最新研究进展及其发展趋势

低熔封接微晶玻璃是一种先进的焊接材料，由于其具有低的熔化温度和封接温度，优良的机械强度和化学稳定性，而在很多领域中得到广泛的应用，实现了玻璃、陶瓷、金属、半导体间的相互封接。综述了无铅低熔封接微晶玻璃的研究现状，展望了无铅低熔封接微晶玻璃今后的研究发展方向。