Aspects of social and emotional competence in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Social and emotional competence were evaluated using self-report and behavioral measures in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and controls. Adults with ADHD viewed themselves as less socially competent but more sensitive toward violations of social norms than controls. Films depicting emotional interactions were used to assess linguistic properties of free recall and perceived emotional intensity. Although adults with ADHD used more words to describe the scenes, they used fewer emotion-related words, despite rating the emotions depicted as more intense than did controls. In contrast, no group differences for words depicting social or cognitive processes were observed. Overall, adults with ADHD appear more aware of their problems in social versus emotional skills. Findings may have implications for improving the psychosocial functioning of these adults. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Relational-Interdependent Self-Construal, Self-Concept Consistency, and Well-Being.

Examination of the assumptions underlying consistency perspectives in social and personality psychology reveals that they are based on an independent, individualistic view of the self. If the self is constructed as relational or interdependent with others, consistency may be less important in social behavior and well-being. Using a variety of measures of well-being, the studies showed that there is a weaker relation between consistency and well-being for individuals with a highly relational self-construal than for those with a low relational self-construal. Study 3 examined the association between the self-construal, consistency, authenticity, and well-being. These findings reveal the importance of a cultural analysis of theories of the self, personality, and well-being for further theory development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

企业目标的经济学分析

市场经济条件下,股东、经理、员工、政府、社会等企业内外方方面面对企业提出了不同的要求,于是企业具有多种目标。企业是以盈利为主要目的的经济单位,因此,唯有利润才是最重要的目标,其他目标与利润目标都有着直接或间接的联系。     

Effects of Economic Pressure on Marital Conflict in Romania.

This study examined the interrelationships among economic pressure, maternal depression, social support, and marital conflict in a sample of 239 mothers in Romania. Data were collected through a school-based survey. Findings indicated that higher levels of economic pressure were associated with higher levels of marital conflict. Economic pressure was also associated with higher marital conflict indirectly through increased maternal depression and lowered social support. The present results were similar to those obtained in studies conducted among U.S. samples. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The geographies of a more just food system: Building landscapes for social reproduction

Within the lifetime of a generation of people now involved in work in the cattle and beef industry in South Dakota, the landscapes of social reproduction that support and give shape to life for people there have been rearranged. Many of the social and physical relationships that developed to support smaller-scale, diverse farms and their surrounding communities are being made redundant by a new system of beef production and retailing. The costs of these redundancies are felt in dwindling small towns and an ever sparser rural population. Considering these changes as parts of landscapes of social reproduction is a means to connect the political and corporate logic driving our food systems to the spatial production of difference in the conditions for livelihood, as well as the spatial production of livelihood itself for both producers and consumers. Such an analysis is necessary in order to address the injustices inherent within our current food system.     

小世界理论在蠕虫传播机制中的应用研究

首先介绍了小世界理论的概念及其在互联网商业领域中的应用成果。接着分析了小世界理论在蠕虫研制中的应用问题，将实际生活中互相联系的某些潜在攻击目标之间，通过小世界效应产生聚合，最终产生一个可信任的目标网络。利用文章所述的目标网络构建和分析方法，可以清晰地描绘出蠕虫内部传播的网络结构。     

Incorporating If...Then...Personality Signatures in Person Perception: Beyond the Person-Situation Dichotomy.

Three studies investigated conditions in which perceivers view dispositions and situations as interactive, rather than independent, causal forces when making judgments about another's personality. Study 1 showed that perceivers associated 5 common trait terms (e.g., friendly and shy) with characteristic if...then... (if situation a, then the person does x, but if situation b, then the person does y) personality signatures. Study 2 demonstrated that perceivers used information about a target's stable if...then... signature to infer the target's motives and traits; dispositional judgments were mediated by inferences about the target's motivations. Study 3 tested whether perceivers draw on if...then... signatures when making judgments about Big Five trait dimensions. Together, the findings indicate that perceivers take account of person-situation interactions (reflected in if...then... signatures) in everyday explanations of social behavior and personality dispositions. Boundary conditions are also discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

社会比较对薪酬不公平感的心理作用机制

运用社会比较理论,分析了在组织内部影响薪酬不公平感的社会比较类型与评判内容;利用对比效应与同化效应,解释了薪酬不公平感的形成。在此基础上,探讨了人力资源管理中减少或克服人际攀比带来不良影响的途径。     

一种基于社会网络的信任模型

社会网络是通过朋友关系、工作关系和信息交换等一组社会机制,将人、组织和其他社会团结联系在一起形成的网络,Web就是一种社会网络.在社会网络中要求有一种自然的机制对网络的真实性进行判断和评价,信任模型就是比较好的一种机制.基于社会网络,本文构建了一种网络信任模型,用来估算信任者和被信任者之间的信任等级,能够用于语义网的信任管理系统和社会网络的信任评价中.实验结果表明,该模型具有很好的效率和效果.