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131.
132.
133.
Konstantinos D Demadis 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2005,80(6):630-640
Dendrimers have attracted immense attention during the last decade due to their interesting properties both from a basic and an applied research viewpoint. Encapsulation of metal nanoparticles for catalysis, drug delivery and light harvesting are only some applications of dendrimers that are breaking new ground. A novel application of dendrimer technology is described in the present paper that relates to industrial water treatment. Industrial water systems often suffer from undesirable inorganic deposits. These can form either in the bulk or on metallic surfaces, such as heat exchangers or pipelines. Silica (SiO2) scale formation and deposition is a major problem in high‐silica‐containing cooling waters. Scale prevention rather than removal is highly desired. In this paper, benchtop screening tests on various silica inhibition chemistries are reported, with emphasis on materials with a dendrimeric structure. Specifically, the inhibition properties of commercially available STARBURST® polyaminoamide (PAMAM) dendrimers generations 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 are investigated in detail together with other commonly‐used scale inhibitors. Experimental results show that inhibition efficiency largely depends on structural features of PAMAM dendrimers such as generation number and nature of the end groups. PAMAM dendrimers are effective inhibitors of silica scale growth at 40 ppm dosage levels. PAMAM dendrimers also act as silica nucleators, forming SiO2–PAMAM composites. This occurs because the SiO2 formed by incomplete inhibition interacts with cationic PAMAM‐1 and ‐2. The general scope of silica formation and inhibition in industrial waters is also discussed. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
134.
文中着重阐述了上马水库库坝区的地裂缝产生的原因及发育规律,分析了地裂缝对水库的直接危害,为水库除险加固设计提供了指导,并提出了切实可行的工程处理措施建议。 相似文献
135.
全断面双护盾掘进机在引黄工程断层破碎带的卡机处理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
万家寨引黄工程国际Ⅱ、Ⅲ标已查明的断层有34条,隐伏断层可能还有一些,除了利民堡区域性大断层(F32)外,较大的集中于7#洞北段59+700—68+820,主要有F65、F70、F90、F74。全断面双护盾掘进机适应于较复杂的地质条件,因此在通过断层破碎带时一般都较正常。但在通过引黄工程区域性大断层F65时,发生了卡机事故,处理用了3个月时间。该文对处理TBM卡机事故的施工进行了总结。 相似文献
136.
纤维表面处理对植物纤维增强水泥的物理力学性能影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
植物纤维增强水泥的力学性能具有湿敏感性,随湿度增加弯曲强度下降幅度较大。本文工作采用的几种浸渍处理纤维表面的方法,有效地改善了这种状况,其中一种经处理的纤维增强水泥较没有处理的对比试样在饱水状态下的弯曲强度提高了67%,气干状态提高了18%,缩小了二者间的差距。 相似文献
137.
S. Bréand G. Fardel J.P. Flandrois L. Rosso R. Tomassone 《International journal of food microbiology》1998,40(3):4791-195
Heat treatment has long been regarded as one of the most widely used and most effective means of destroying pathogens in food. Up to now the linear relationship between the death rate and the temperature has been used when choosing the best heat treatment to apply. However, the information given by this linear relationship is no longer sufficient when nonlinear survival curves are observed. Consequently, the agri-food industry needs a tool to choose the best mild heat treatment to apply in the case of nonlinear survival curves. This study deals with the temperature-induced death of Listeria monocytogenes CIP 7831 in the stationary phase of growth. Eleven temperatures were tested. With the proposed primary and secondary models good fits of our data were obtained. A model describing both the effect of the duration of treatment and the temperature on the logarithm of the number of survivors was then built. A clear increase in the precision of the estimation of the parameters was obtained with this model. Moreover, with this model a new graphical strategy to choose a mild heat increase regarding a maximal survivor number has been proposed. 相似文献
138.
Suely P. Freitas Fernando C. Da Silva Regina C. A. Lago & Raad Y. Qassim 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》1996,31(4):319-325
Shear rate vs. shear stress data were obtained on avocado pulp in water emulsions using a concentric cylinder rheometer and fitted to a power law model. Dilution, as volume fraction of water, had a pronounced effect on the apparent viscosity of the pulp emulsions and the Richardson equation, (ηR = exp.( a φ) for the emulsion viscosity fitted the data well. A mean slope coefficient, a , of 4.57 can be used as a first approximation. Enzymatic treatment (40°C, 1 h), is slightly more effective than thermal treatment (65°C, 1 h), in reducing the initial apparent viscosity of the pulp-water emulsions 相似文献
139.
. A knowledge-based expert system was developed to aid in the selection of the type of dam. The dam type selector expert system
(DTSA ES) was designed to determine the type of dam on the alluvium foundations. Detailed expert knowledge is required to
estimate the type of dam and to develop an expert system. The DTSA ES utilizes rules of thumb used by an expert for determining
the selection of the type of dam. The DTSA ES was developed using a shell program. The expert system was tested on several
dam sites in order to validate the decision obtained. The use of this expert system, containing knowledge about the selection
of dam type, can be helpful to students, potential owners or contractors in selecting dam types. The current prototype always
needs additional parameters for more detailed analyses of new developments. However, the current DTSA ES is designed to include
existing information about dam types. 相似文献
140.