使用上引连铸无氧铜杆生产电气化铁道用硬铜承力索工艺研究

本工艺方案探索使用上引连铸无氧铜杆替代热轧黑铜杆来生产电气化铁道接触网用硬铜承力索生产工艺创新，采用连铸杆→Y型冷轧→拉伸工艺。通过控制冷加工量、温度、摩擦等要素，生产满足TB／T3111-2005《电气化铁道用铜及铜合金绞线》标准要求的硬铜承力索（绞线）。     

Computational Techniques and Shear Band Development for Cylindrical and Spherical Penetrometers in Strain-Softening Clay

This paper addresses numerical simulation of deep penetration of full-flow penetrometers in strain-softening, rate-dependent, cohesive soil, and the observed phenomenon of periodic shear bands. The analysis was conducted using a large deformation finite element approach, modifying the simple elastic–perfectly plastic Tresca soil model to allow strain-softening, with strain-rate dependency being incorporated in order to avoid spurious mesh dependency. Parametric analyses were carried out varying the strain-softening parameters (hence the relative brittleness of the soil), the rigidity index of the soil, and the strain-rate parameter. Increased brittleness of the soil led to reduction in the penetration resistance, but also to increasingly significant oscillations in the resistance–penetration responses. The oscillation was found to result from periodic shear bands evolving cyclically ahead of the advancing cylindrical and spherical penetrometers. Analyses with different values of rigidity index confirmed further that the periodic shear bands were a real material phenomenon, rather than due to errors in numerical simulation. Similar phenomena have been observed for continuous flow problems in granular materials. However, rising strain-rate dependency tended to suppress the oscillations.     

Damage constitutive model for strain-softening rock based on normal distribution and its parameter determination

Firstly, using the damage model for rock based on Lemaitre hypothesis about strain equivalence, a new technique for measuring strength of rock micro-cells by adopting the Mohr-Coulomb criterion was developed, and a statistical damage evolution equation was established based on the property that strength of micro-cells is consistent with normal distribution function, through discussing the characteristics of random distributions for strength of micro-cells, then a statistical damage constitutive model that can simulate the full process of rock strain softening under specific confining pressure was set up. Secondly, a new method to determine the model parameters which can be applied to the situations under different confining pressures was proposed, by deeply studying the relations between the model parameters and characteristic parameters of the full stress-strain curve under different confining pressures. Therefore, a unified statistical damage constitutive model for rock softening which can reflect the effect of different confining pressures was set up. This model makes the physical property of model parameters explicit, contains only conventional mechanical parameters, and leads its application more convenient. Finally, the rationality of this model and its parameters-determining method were identified via comparative analyses between theoretical and experimental curves.     

Investigation on removal of hardness ions by capacitive deionization (CDI) for water softening applications

Capacitive deionization (CDI) for removal of water hardness was investigated for water softening applications. In order to examine the wettability and pore structure of the activated carbon cloth and composites electrodes, surface morphological and electrochemical characteristics were observed. The highly wettable electrode surface exhibited faster adsorption/desorption of ions in a continuous treatment system. In addition, the stack as well as unit cell operations were performed to investigate preferential removal of the hardness ions, showing higher selectivity of divalent ions rather than that of the monovalent ion. Interestingly, competitive substitution was observed in which the adsorbed Na ions were replaced by more strongly adsorptive Ca and Mg ions. The preferential removal of divalent ions was explained in terms of ion selectivity and pore characteristics in electrodes. Finally, optimal pore size and structure of carbon electrodes for efficient removal of divalent ions were extensively discussed.     

α—Fe 中氢致软化同氢致硬化机制的研究

本文研究了工业纯 α-Fe 中晶内同晶界对氢致软化同氢致硬化效应的不同贡献,发现其中仍以晶内贡献为主,并提出了相应的新机制。     

S5钢TTT曲线及软化退火工艺的研究

采用日本Ｆｏｒｍａｓｔｏｒ－Ｄｉｇｉｔａｌ全自动相变分析仪测定了Ｓ５钢的临界点及退火用ＴＴＴ曲线的珠光体转变部分，并进行了软化退火工艺的试验，从而得出了最佳退火工艺。     

Influence of Hydrogen on Dislocation Structure in a Duplex Stainless Steel

The dislocation structure of specimens of aduplex stainless steel with precharged hydrogen hasbeen investigated by transmission electronmicroscopy.The result showed the hydrogen acti-vated dislocation source on phase boundaries offerrite/austenite and makes certain dislocations inaustenite grains move.The dislocation appearancesin each phase in specimens uncharged withhydrogen have been given for comparison.     

Simulating the propagation of displacement discontinuities in a regularized strain‐softening medium

A numerical model is developed which allows the inclusion of displacement discontinuities in a strain‐softening medium, independent of the finite element mesh structure. Inelastic deformations develop in the continuum and, when a critical threshold of inelastic deformation is reached, a displacement discontinuity is inserted. Discontinuities are introduced using the partition of unity concept which allows discontinuous functions to be added to the standard finite element basis. It is shown that the introduction of displacement discontinuities at the later stages of the failure process can lead to a failure mode that is fundamentally different than that using a continuum model only. This combined continuum‐discontinuous model is better able to describe the entire failure process than a continuum or a discrete model alone and treats mode‐I and mode‐II failure in a unified fashion. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于侧阻硬化与软化模型的大直径桩基水平承载力研究

从桩侧竖向摩阻力作为大直径基桩水平承载力显著影响因素的角度出发,首先分别建立了桩侧摩阻力硬化和软化τ–s模型作用下单位长度桩身抗力矩Ms的数值解及其相应的解析方程。随后,在传递矩阵法基础上分别推导了考虑桩身抗力矩Ms影响的传递矩阵系数解析解。最后,通过影响参数及工程案例对比分析,分别证明了本文所推导的附加弯矩–转角本构模型和传递矩阵解的正确性,并得出以下结论:对侧阻硬化模型而言,桩身抗力矩Ms随着桩径d、抗剪刚度系数比值k2/k1的增加以及弹性极限位移seu的减小而增加;对侧阻软化模型而言,桩身抗力矩Ms随着桩径d、参数β(=su2/seu)和αres(=τu,res/τu,eq)的增加而增加。