Is implementation of continuous improvement possible? An evolutionary model of enablers and inhibitors

The purpose of this article is to present an evolutionary model of the enablers and inhibitors affecting the implementation and sustainability of continuous improvement. With this aim, a qualitative study using the grounded theory was carried out. Interviews were conducted with managers responsible for continuous improvement in first‐tier suppliers in the automotive sector. As a result, two existing lines of research in the continuous improvement literature are synthesized: on one hand, the literature concerning the enablers and barriers associated with continuous improvement sustainability; and on the other, the literature concerning the evolutionary model. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Multiobjective invasive weed optimization: Application to analysis of Pareto improvement models in electricity markets

This paper presents a proposal for multiobjective Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO) based on nondominated sorting of the solutions. IWO is an ecologically inspired stochastic optimization algorithm which has shown successful results for global optimization. In the present work, performance of the proposed nondominated sorting IWO (NSIWO) algorithm is evaluated through a number of well-known benchmarks for multiobjective optimization. The simulation results of the test problems show that this algorithm is comparable with other multiobjective evolutionary algorithms and is also capable of finding better spread of solutions in some cases. Next, the proposed algorithm is employed to study the Pareto improvement model in two complex electricity markets. First, the Pareto improvement solution set is obtained for a three-player oligopolistic electricity market with a nonlinear demand function. Then, the IEEE 30-bus power system with transmission constraints is considered, and the Pareto improvement solutions are found for the model with deterministic cost functions. In addition, NSIWO algorithm is used to analyze this system with stochastic cost data in a risk management problem which maximizes the expected total profit but minimizes the profit risk in the market.     

FK6-600牵伸加弹机上“格里森”制齿轮的国产化与改进

对FK6-600牵伸加弹机主传动中"格里森"制圆弧螺旋齿轮的失效情况进行了考察和研究。通过对德国DIN867和我国JB110标准的分析,采用了等顶隙收缩齿并对其进行了合理改进,同时在现场安装工作中采取了必要措施,取得了较好的技术经济效果。     

Citations do not solve problems.

D. T. Cambell and D. W. Fiske (1959) made the now-obvious statement that measures of the same variable made by different methods should agree (converge) and certainly should agree better than measures of different variables made by those several methods. Almost everyone accepted that statement, yet the multitrait–multimethod matrices published today show little or no improvement over the published examples cited in 1959. The article raised the conceptual problem of how a variable and its measurement should be linked and the methodological problem of clarifying the nature of methods and their effects. Given these unresolved problems, it is perhaps not surprising that the question of the appropriate statistical analysis of these matrices has also no consensual answer. Perhaps methods and traits or contents are so thoroughly intertwined that their interaction cannot be adequately analyzed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

用仪器中子活化分析法检验环境土壤标样的均匀度

近年来,国际上标准参考物质的种类与数量急剧增加,一些重要的领域,象地球化学、环境科学、生物学等都有了相应的SRM。国内研制SRM的工作也十分活跃。 标准样品必须均匀,故在分析定值和样品发行前,需要先作均匀性检验。由于均匀性是一个相对的概念,它与各个元素在SRM中的分布紧密相关。取样量直接影响均匀性的好坏。因此,当给出SRM中某元素的均匀性数值时,必须注明相应的取样量。由于仪器中子活化分析法(INAA)具有灵敏度高、不破坏试样、且可同时测定多种元素等特点,因此可在较小的取样量情况下,实现对SRM中多种痕量元素的均匀性检验。     

LED充电台灯产品质量安全风险监测分析

近年来带锂离子电池的可移动式LED充电台灯引发爆炸、起火、燃烧等质量安全事件时有发生,为充分了解该类产品的质量状况,确保消费者的生命财产安全。本文选取了电商平台上销售的30批次样品进行试验、分析和评估,结果显示:样品存在标记缺失、结构不合格、耐热不合格、电池外部短路不合格等质量安全风险。依据国家相关的风险评估标准,将该类产品不同的监测项目应进行风险等级评划分,并针对风险等级程度对产品的质量提升要求提出了相关处置建议。     

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Generation of Pathogen-Resistant Tomato against Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus and Powdery Mildew

Tomato is one of the major vegetable crops consumed worldwide. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and fungal Oidium sp. are devastating pathogens causing yellow leaf curl disease and powdery mildew. Such viral and fungal pathogens reduce tomato crop yields and cause substantial economic losses every year. Several commercial tomato varieties include Ty-5 (SlPelo) and Mildew resistance locus o 1 (SlMlo1) locus that carries the susceptibility (S-gene) factors for TYLCV and powdery mildew, respectively. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) is a valuable genome editing tool to develop disease-resistant crop varieties. In this regard, targeting susceptibility factors encoded by the host plant genome instead of the viral genome is a promising approach to achieve pathogen resistance without the need for stable inheritance of CRISPR components. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was employed to target the SlPelo and SlMlo1 for trait introgression in elite tomato cultivar BN-86 to confer host-mediated immunity against pathogens. SlPelo-knockout lines were successfully generated, carrying the biallelic indel mutations. The pathogen resistance assays in SlPelo mutant lines confirmed the suppressed accumulation of TYLCV and restricted the spread to non-inoculated plant parts. Generated knockout lines for the SlMlo1 showed complete resistance to powdery mildew fungus. Overall, our results demonstrate the efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to introduce targeted mutagenesis for the rapid development of pathogen-resistant varieties in tomato.     

小型预制桩基础承载特性数值模拟研究

本文建立硬化土本构模型,针对江苏省软土地区的土质条件选取数值计算参数,通过PLAXIS 2D软件对小型预制桩在的单桩水平受荷及竖向受荷进行数值模拟,得到桩身弯矩沿桩长的分布以及荷载-位移曲线,分析小型预制桩基础桩身弯矩的分布特点,并探求其在水平及竖向荷载作用下的承载特性,进而能够为小型预制桩基础工程设计以及计算方面提供一定的参考依据。     

加芯搅拌桩芯桩定位限垂技术的研发与应用

为控制水泥土加芯搅拌桩的芯桩贯入质量,研发了一种基于芯桩定位导向架的定位限垂挑臂装置,并通过采用不同材质、不同尺寸的方法,反复摸索、实施,分析得出了芯桩定位导向架的定位限垂挑臂装置的最优方案。同时,通过运用数据比对、图表说明的方法,有效验证了加芯搅拌桩芯桩定位限垂挑臂装置对于现场施工的重要作用。在新疆地区23450 根加芯搅拌桩工程中进行首次应用,实践表明研发的定位限垂技术可有效控制芯桩贯入的定位和垂直度,提高施工效率。该定位限垂技术经济效益良好,可为今后新疆地区特殊软基处理以及加芯搅拌桩施工提供参考价值。     

腐解稻草DOM提取液洗脱六价铬污染土壤试验研究

工矿企业产生的铬渣、含铬废水由于管理不善导致土壤铬污染严重,迫切需要寻求低成本铬污染土壤修复技术。提出腐解稻草中溶解性有机质（Dissolved Organic Matter, DOM）提取液洗脱铬污染土壤的技术,通过实验室模拟试验,以2种铬污染土壤（总铬含量为分别为121.54、941.90 mg/kg,六价铬含量分别为119.90、856.90 mg/kg）为研究目标,采用振荡淋洗法考察了固液比、淋洗时间、淋洗次数等因素对土壤中总铬、六价铬洗脱效果的影响,并探讨了淋洗前后铬形态变化及淋洗后土壤残留六价铬的持续钝化能力。研究结果表明：稻草经35 d腐解后的DOM提取液洗脱土壤中铬效果最佳,确定为最佳淋洗剂;固液比1：15、淋洗4h/次、淋洗2次为最佳淋洗工艺条件,该条件下,2种铬污染土壤总铬分别洗脱了47.79%、85.92%,六价铬含量分别削减了51.76%、95.09%;DOM提取液呈弱碱性,包含大量羧基、羟基及酚类物质,对水溶态、弱酸提取态和残渣态铬有较好的洗脱效果,有效降低了土壤环境风险,且能持续钝化淋洗后土壤中残余的六价铬。