顶空固相微萃取- 气相色谱/质谱法分析霸王花挥发性成分

目的：探索分析霸王花挥发油化学成分的方法。方法：采用聚二甲基硅氧烷萃取头室温顶空微萃取20min、初始柱温60℃、程序升温至250℃、进样口温度250℃的气相色谱条件,EI 离子源、电子能量70eV 的质谱条件进行气相色谱/ 质谱法分析。结果表明：共鉴定出49 种化合物,主要挥发性成分及其含量为倍半萜及其含氧衍生物(27.78%)、脂肪族化合物(25.14%)、酯(14.40%)、2,6- 二叔丁基对甲酚(10.08%)和硅氧烷类化合物(6.27%)。结论：无溶剂的顶空萃取- 气相色谱/ 质谱联用技术可作为霸王花挥发性成分分析的有效方法。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用分析汉麻叶挥发性成分

采用顶空固相微萃取法结合气相色谱-质谱联用对汉麻叶的挥发性成分进行分析,考察3种不同萃取纤维（DVB/CAR/PDMS,CAR/PDMS,PDMS/DVB）对分析结果的影响,结果表明较佳萃取纤维为CAR/PDMS.从汉麻叶中检出59种挥发性成分,占挥发油总组分的93.18%,其中醛类3种（0.71%）、醇类1种（0.06%）、烃类37种（57.23%）、杂环化合物类3种（0.19%）、萜烯类12种（34.49%）、其他3种（0.50%）.在鉴定出的成分中含量较多的是[1R-（1R＊,4Z,9S＊）]-4,11,11-三甲基-8-亚甲基-二环[7.2.0]4-十一烯（18.81%）、（1α,3α,5α）-1,5-二甲基-3-甲基-2-亚甲基环己烷（18.18%）、α-石竹烯（11.52%）、异柠檬烯（6.78%）等.     

西洋参须固体饮料酶解法制备过程中挥发性成分的变化研究

目的 研究西洋参须固体饮料在制备过程中挥发性成分的变化,解析西洋参须固体饮料的风味品质。方法 采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法对西洋参须不同酶解加工阶段的挥发性成分进行检测,利用主成分分析法分析不同加工阶段的挥发性成分特征差异。结果 从西洋参须不同酶解产物中共检测出97种挥发性物质,主要是萜烯类、醇类、醛酮类、烷烃类、酯类、酚酸类、芳香族及杂环类化合物,酶解处理降低了大部分挥发性物质的含量,相对含量较大的挥发性成分是芳樟醇、柠檬烯、己酸、桧烯、(IS, 8a?)-十氢-1, 4aβ-二甲基-7β-异丙烯基-1-萘酚、β-石竹烯、β-红没药烯、十四烷、庚酸、橙花叔醇,通过主成分分析可以显著区分不同酶解样品。结论 酶解处理影响了西洋参须固体饮料中挥发性成分的变化,为西洋参须固体饮料的风味品质调控提供支撑。     

Modification of maillard browning in a microwaved glucose/glycine model system by water-soluble natural antioxidants and foods containing them

Inhibition of pyrazine formation by natural antioxidants and the foods containing them was measured in a microwaved glucose/glycine model system. Inhibition of lipid oxidation by the same materials was assayed in both bulk and emulsion systems. Pyrazines were determined by solid-phase micro extraction followed by GC. Lipid oxidation volatiles were assayed by polyamide fluorescence produced by either a bulk oil display or a hematin- or 2,2′-azobis-(2-amidino=propane) dihydrochloride-accelerated lecithin or fish oil emulsion. It was shown that (i) the inhibition of pyrazine formation depends on high concentrations of water-soluble antioxidants; (ii) such antioxidants occur naturally in some foods and are usually polyphenols; (iii) during pyrazine inhibition, oxidized polyphenols show enhanced nonfluorescing browning similar to enzymic browning products; (iv) monophenols, which structurally cannot form quinone polymers on oxidation, inhibit pyrazines with less browning; (v) during the final pyrazine-forming phase of the Maillard reaction, polyphenolics and reducing agents such as glutathione and ascorbic acid are partially consumed with some nutritional loss; (vi) fruit powders of grape seed, grape skin, and red wine are highly pyrazine-inhibitory, steeped blueberry strongly so, but plum purees are moderately pro-pyrazine, and freeze-dried vegetables strongly pro-pyrazine; and (vii) black and green tea infusions are highly inhibitory, whereas spices have mixed effects.     

顶空-固相微萃取法测定地表水中四乙基铅

建立了满足地表水中四乙基铅限值要求的"顶空-固相微萃取-气质联用法".分析结果表明:采用空调及水浴控温使萃取温度恒定在23.0～24.5℃范围内,结合内标法进行定量分析,标准曲线线性关系良好(r=0.9995),检出限(3.143SD)为O.085μg/L;河流及水库水水样的加标回收率为93.2%～128%,加标样品平...     

Development of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on deep eutectic solvent using as complexing agent and extraction solvent: application for extraction of heavy metals

ABSTRACT

A green and efficient dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on a new deep eutectic solvent has been developed for the preconcentration and extraction of cobalt and nickel ions. The deep eutectic solvent is formed by mixing choline chloride (hydrogen bond acceptor) and 4-aminophenol (hydrogen bond donor). Then, it is used as a chelating agent as well as extraction solvent. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the linear ranges for Ni(II) and Co(II) were 0.80–50 and 0.50–50 µgL^?1, respectively, by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The obtained detection limits were 0.30 and 0.22 µg L^?1 for Ni(II) and Co(II), respectively.     

超高压处理对黑莓酒香气成分的影响

运用超高压技术处理黑莓酒以期改善其香气品质,并采用固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用对不同超高压条件处理的黑莓酒挥发性香气成分进行检测,探究超高压处理对黑莓酒香气成分的影响及作用机理.结果表明:经超高压处理的黑莓酒香气种类与未处理样品相同,但含量发生较大变化,200MPa处理20min的黑莓酒醇类、酯类和醛类无显著变化(p＞0.05),酸类减少了7.44％;600MPa处理20min的黑莓酒醇类、酯类分别增加了4.63％、13.38％,醛类、酸类无显著变化(p＞0.05);400MPa处理20min的黑莓酒醇类、酯类和醛类分别增加了4.89％、43.04％和1.12％,酸类减少了11.28％,整体香气趋向柔和、协调、饱满,达到改善黑莓酒香气品质的目的.     

Tracing the geographical origin of honeys based on volatile compounds profiles assessment using pattern recognition techniques

The goal of this study was to examine the possibility of verifying the geographical origin of honeys based on the profiles of volatile compounds. A head-space solid phase microextraction (SPME) combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC–TOFMS) was used to analyze the volatiles in honeys with various geographical and floral origins. Once the analytical data were collected, supervised pattern recognition techniques were applied to construct classification/discrimination rules to predict the origin of samples on the basis of their profiles of volatile compounds. Specifically, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), soft independent modeling of class analogies (SIMCA), discriminant partial least squares (DPLS) and support vector machines (SVM) with the recently proposed Pearson VII universal kernel (PUK) were used in our study to discriminate between Corsican and non-Corsican honeys. Although DPLS and LDA provided models with high sensitivities and specificities, the best performance was achieved by the SVM using PUK. The results of this study demonstrated that GC × GC–TOFMS combined with methods like LDA, DPLS and SVM can be successfully applied to detect mislabeling of Corsican honeys.     

工业苯酚中痕量有机杂质的分析方法

利用固相微萃取技术和气相色谱-质谱联用技术,建立了工业苯酚中痕量有机杂质的分析方法。该方法具有简便、快速、灵敏度高等优点,适用于苯酚中痕量有机杂质的测定。通过实验考察,确定了工业苯酚中痕量有机杂质的最佳分析条件:使用涂层厚度为100μm的聚二甲基硅氧烷萃取头,萃取时间10 min,萃取温度20℃,在解吸温度240℃下解吸时间为30 s。