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51.
Hot electron transport across graded compound semiconductor heterojunctions has been explored using a two-dimensional formulation of the self-consistent ensemble Monte Carlo method. The AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs heterojunction imbedded into a vertical field effect transistor with two ohmic contacts (source, drain) and two lateral Schottky gates has been used as an example. Lateral space charges modulated by the gates are shown to control ballistic injection of electrons over the heterojunction under steady state conditions. The transient response to a gate pulse is found to be determined by carrier transit from the heavily doped source contact region into the channel. A conceptual one-dimensional section model is used to explain the Monte Carlo results. 相似文献
52.
Sei-Ichi Aiba Masato Izume Norihiko Minoura Yukihiko Fujiwara 《Polymer International》1985,17(1):38-40
Chitin membrane was prepared by casting a N,N-dimethyl acetamide, N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone and lithium chloride (DMA-NMP-LiCl)solution of chitin and coagulating with several media. The effect of the coagulants on membrane formation was studied. 2-Propanol was found to be more favourable than methanol, ethanol, acetone and mixtures of 2-propanol and water. The membrane obtained in 2-propanol was subjected to annealing. Annealing made the membrane dense and strong. The tensile strength of the membrane annealed at 145°C for 2hr was about twice that of an unannealed membrane. The solute permeability of the annealed membranes was lower than that of the original one. These phenomena could be clearly interpreted in terms of crystallinity. 相似文献
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54.
Simulation of water and nitrogen dynamics in soils during wastewater applications by using a finite-element model 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Vassilis Z. Antonopoulos 《Water Resources Management》1993,7(3):237-251
A mathematical model was developed to simulate water movement, mass transport, and nitrogen transformations in soils during wastewater applications. The model is one-dimensional and based on the Galerkin finite-element method. The submodel of mass transport of nitrogen incorporates the convection-dispersion processes of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, nitrification, denitrification, ammonium exchange and uptake of ammonium and nitrate ions. The accuracy and validity of the proposed model was examined by comparison with an explicit-implicit finite-difference model results. The model was used for simulation of water and nitrogen dynamics during wastewater application in homogeneous and multi-layered soils under different N concentration, rate, duration and scheduling of application. 相似文献
55.
A modification of the well-known water-quality model 'quality simulation along river systems'(QUASAR) is presented in order to extend its ability, so that it may be considered applicable under unsteady-flow conditions. An aggregated dead-zone travel-time parameter, based on (a) the kinematic wave velocity (celerity) of the flow wave and (b) the behaviour of the solute within so-called 'dead zones', has been incorporated into the existing model formulation. This extends the current continuously-stirred tank reactor-based model process to account for the behaviour of solute under unsteady-flow conditions. The enhanced water-quality model has been validated by application to the Colorado River. 相似文献
56.
Isolation and preliminary characterization of Pichia pinus mutants insensitive to glucose repression
A new method for the isolation of glucose repression-insensitive mutants in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pinus was developed. The method is based on screening of small suspension samples derived from 2-deoxyglucose-resistant colonies for alcohol oxidase activity. Alcohol oxidase activity was evaluated by determination of formaldehyde excreted by cells. Mutants with glucose non-repressible alcohol oxidase and catalase synthesis were obtained. All mutants grew poorly on D -xylose compared to the wild type, whereas growth on L -arabinose was similar to the wild type. Changes in the glucose transport system were suggested to be responsible for altered growth characteristics and defective glucose repression. 相似文献
57.
58.
Influence of Coherent Flow Structures on the Dynamics of Suspended Sediment Transport in Open-Channel Flow 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The influence of suspended sediments on coherent flow structures has been studied by simultaneously measuring the longitudinal and vertical components of the instantaneous velocity vector and the instantaneous suspended particle concentration with an acoustic particle flux profiler. The measurements were carried out in clear water and in particle-laden open-channel flows. In both cases, they clearly show the predominance of ejection and sweep phases that are part of a burst cycle. The analysis further demonstrates the importance of the ejection and sweep phases in sediment resuspension and transport. Ejections pick up the sediment at the bed and carry it up through the water column close to the surface. It is shown that ejections and sweeps are in near equality in the near-bottom layer, whereas ejections clearly dominate in the remaining water column. The implications of these results for sediment transport dynamics are discussed. 相似文献
59.
60.
It is shown, by means of Lagrangian momentum and power balances across the slug nose in slug flow, that the power dissipated due to sudden expansion of the fluid in the film immediately downstream of the slug nose is greater than the power lost due to viscous action at the pipe wall but that it may not be large enough to materially aid particle transport. This has the implication that sand transport in intermittent flow may be considered as transport in a hybrid flow of hydraulic conveying and stratified flow when the length of the mixing section at the slug nose is short compared to the length of the slug body. 相似文献