A cross‐cultural study of the effect of a graph‐oriented computer‐assisted project‐based learning environment on middle school students' science knowledge and argumentation skills

The purpose of this mixed‐methods study was to explore how seventh graders in a suburban school in the United States and sixth graders in an urban school in Taiwan developed argumentation skills and science knowledge in a project‐based learning environment that incorporated a graph‐oriented, computer‐assisted application (GOCAA). A total of 42 students comprised the treatment condition and were engaged in a project‐based learning environment that incorporated a GOCAA. Of these 42 students, 21 were located in the United States and 21 were located in Taiwan. A total of 26 students comprised the control condition and were engaged in a project‐based learning environment without the GOCAA. Of these 26 students, 15 were in the United States and 11 were in Taiwan. In each country, verbal collaborative argumentation was recorded and the students' post‐essays were collected. A one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted for each measure of science knowledge about alternative energies. The results showed a significant treatment effect for the outcome of scientific explanation among U.S. students, while among Taiwanese students, a significant treatment effect on scientific facts was observed. A one‐way ANOVA was additionally conducted for each measure of argumentation skills and a significant treatment effect on counterarguments and rebuttals was observed among the U.S. students, while in Taiwan, a significant treatment effect on reasoning and rebuttals was observed. A qualitative analysis was conducted to examine how the GOCAA supported students' development of argumentation skills in different countries. This study found distinct argumentation patterns between the U.S. and Taiwanese intervention teams. Additionally, a distinct gender difference in the use of evidence and division of labour was noted when the Taiwanese teams were compared with the U.S. teams, which may be explained by cultural differences. This study concluded that, in both the United States and Taiwan, a project‐based learning environment incorporating a GOCAA was effective in improving students' science knowledge and developing their scientific argumentation skills.     

词语序差的分布特点与文本间词汇异同

该文在已有关于“频级”“频序”研究的基础上,结合两种不同类型的语料,采用词汇计量分析方法,考察词语的“序差”所具有的分布特点。该研究发现,对于两种文本的共有词集,词的序差呈对称分布,且集中分布于中位数附近,存在离群值序差。这一特点在序差图上表现为“中段平直,双尾翘曲”的“双尾分布”形态。根据词语序差的分布规律,可以将文本共有词划分为“中段”“下尾”“上尾”三个层次。“中段”词语反映两个文本的共性特征,“下尾”及“上尾”词语反映两个文本的差异性特征,这些特征具有反映文本的主题内容和文体风格的语言学意义。     

基于FDI算法在软件测试实践中的应用

软件测试对于软件系统的性能以及功能都有很重要的意义,是保证软件可靠运行的关键.在软件测试的实践应用中,对于软件故障定位时,提出了基于谓词统计故障定位的算法,也就是FDI频率差异积分算法.在软件测试实践中采用基于FDI频率差异积分算法,可以很好地监控软件程序,测试软件的覆盖率以及执行时间等内存占用情况,并找到软件的故障瓶颈,以便采取更好的方法改进软件性能.探讨了实践中基于FDI频率差异积分算法在软件测试内的应用.     

Identification and data-driven model reduction of state-space representations of lossless and dissipative systems from noise-free data

We illustrate procedures to identify a state-space representation of a lossless or dissipative system from a given noise-free trajectory; important special cases are passive systems and bounded-real systems. Computing a rank-revealing factorization of a Gramian-like matrix constructed from the data, a state sequence can be obtained; the state-space equations are then computed by solving a system of linear equations. This idea is also applied to perform model reduction by obtaining a balanced realization directly from data and truncating it to obtain a reduced-order model.     

基于并行相关的实时时差估计器设计与实现

从相关时差估计的基本原理出发,提出了一种并行时域相关结构,基于这种并行结构设计实现了一种简单高效的时差估计器.与传统频域相关时差估计器相比,这种时差估计器的主要优点是提高了运算效率,运算周期大为缩短,可以满足实时高精度时差估计的需求,同时结构简单,硬件资源开销小,易于设计实现.实际测试结果验证了上述结论.     

一种JPEG图像的DCT域隐写分析方法

提出了一种基于JPEG图像DCT系数差分矩阵统计特征的隐写分析方法。该算法保留了以往算法选用的DCT系数水平和竖直方向的差分矩阵相关特征,通过增加其主副对角线方向上差分矩阵来提取和计算特征向量,进而利用SVM分类器进行分类。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地对JPEG图像进行检测,并且具有较高的检测正确率。     

一种利用时空约束轨迹片段关联的目标跟踪方法*

目标跟踪是智能监控系统中的一个重要的研究领域。由于检测不准确,目标部分或者整体遮挡会造成检测失败。针对以上问题提出一种利用时空约束的轨迹片段关联方法实现对目标的跟踪。首先通过减背景方法检测到移动目标,然后生成轨迹片断,最后通过计算轨迹片段的时空连续性关联轨迹片段,找到最符合时空连续性的轨迹片段关联。通过实验证明方法可以有效解决遮挡,误检测以及目标合并分离问题。     

135MW机组一次调频功能优化

介绍云浮发电厂#4机组一次调频功能的基本原理。通过试验,发现一次调频功能存在问题,经过分析,对控制逻辑和参数进行修改,解决了存在问题,并使DCS侧的一次调频功能与DEH侧的功能很好地配合,在不影响机组稳定运行下完全有能力参与一次调频。     

对象间差异度的限制非对称相似关系模型

经典Rough集理论主要是利用了不可分辨关系对完备信息系统进行分析的。对现有粗糙集模型进行扩充后,才可以应用于不完备信息系统。容差关系、非对称相似关系、基于对象间完备度的限制容差关系、限制非对称相似关系等是现有的扩充模型。通过分析其优点和不足之处,提出一种新的模型——对象间差异度的限制非对称相似关系模型,在该模型中,给出的知识粒度更精确,更符合实际。实例结果也证明新模型可以从不完备信息系统获取更加精确的知识粒度。     

An explicit predictor-corrector solver with application to seismic wave modelling

Wave-equation-based forward modelling using explicit finite-difference methods is a standard technique for calculating synthetic seismograms. The stability criterion restricts the size of the time step. In this paper a predictor–corrector method for solving the wave equation is described which allows the use of a larger time step. A stability analysis of the method is also carried out. Parallel implementation of the algorithm is described for a distributed computing environment which makes use of MPI and PVM message passing calls for communication between processors.