炭黑填充复合材料电性能的研究

研究了炭黑种类、用量、粒径及结构度对橡胶导电性能的影响。结果表明 :炭黑的填充量大 ,粒径较小 ,结构度较高时能赋予橡胶较低的体积电阻率 ;炭黑填充型橡胶有较好的导电稳定性     

Thermal characterization of gallium arsenic nitride epilayer on gallium arsenide substrate using pulsed photothermal reflectance technique

Thermal conductivity of gallium arsenic nitride (GaAsN) epilayer on gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate prepared by molecular beam epitaxy technique was measured using pulsed photothermal reflectance technique. Three-layer model incorporated thermal boundary resistance was applied to extract the thermal properties from the sample's photothermal response. Within the thickness ranging from 20 to 80 nm, no thickness dependent relationship with thermal conductivity of GaAsN epilayer was found, and the average thermal conductivity is approximately 27 W/mK at room temperature. The thermal boundary resistance at the Au/GaAsN interface is in the order of 10⁻⁸ m²K/W.     

热机械法制备超细弥散分布钨铜复合粉末

本研究在对钨铜粉末共还原的基础上设计了一种热机械法来制备超细弥散分布钨铜复合粉末。对粉末通过SEM、XRD、粒度分析、氧含量及其烧结性能的研究 ,结果显示 :通过对钨铜高温氧化物粉末的短时快速球磨 (约 3～ 10小时 )后 ,复合粉末可在较低的温度下还原彻底 ,而且粉末粒度细小 (0 2 μm左右 ) ,分布均匀 ,比表面增加 ,具有极高的烧结性能。对比机械合金化工艺直接制备钨铜复合材料工艺得知 :对氧化物粉末进行了短时高能球磨 ,快速细化了氧化物粉末粒度 (<1μm) ,降低了粉末还原温度 (6 5 0℃ ) ,制备出高分散的超细钨铜复合粉末 (<1μm) ,在较低的烧结温度 (12 0 0℃ )下得到相对密度为 99 5 %、热导率为 2 0 5W·m- 1 ·K- 1 的钨铜复合材料制品。     

Experimental Study on the Aging of Sands

Aging effects in sand, such as increases in cone penetration resistance with time after deposition and/or densification, are known to occur in the field, but the causes of these effects are not fully understood. A laboratory testing program was designed to study mechanisms responsible for aging effects under controlled conditions. The testing program included measurements of the small strain shear modulus, electrical conductivity, pore fluid chemistry, and minicone penetration resistance after different periods of aging. Two different sands were tested, and aging effects were evaluated for different combinations of relative density, temperature, and pore fluid composition. Increases in the small strain shear modulus were observed throughout most of the tests, and chemical analyses suggest that precipitation of carbonate and silica occurred in two tests. Despite these changes, there was no corresponding increase in the minicone penetration resistance with time in any of the tests. It is unlikely that precipitation of carbonate or silica is responsible for aging effects in sands; other possible mechanisms include arching due to dissipation of blast gases and redistribution of stresses through the soil skeleton. An additional possibility is that the boundary conditions imposed by the laboratory tests obscure changes in penetration resistance that would be measured had the volume of sand tested been much larger. The implications of these findings in terms of other published field and laboratory studies are discussed.     

Appropriate Material Properties for Advective–Diffusive Solute Flux in Membrane Soil

A generalized advective–diffusive equation for describing electrolytic solute transport in fine-grained soil (clay) membranes is presented. Clarification is made between the current theory and the widely cited coupled-flow theory by Yeung and Mitchell. Results of recently published experimental data are evaluated to demonstrate that the effective diffusion coefficient associated with Fick’s first law is not an appropriate independent material property for solute transport considerations in membrane soil. Three independent and experimentally attainable material properties are identified, specifically: osmotic efficiency, membrane diffusion coefficient, and hydraulic conductivity. Simple physical experiments by which these properties may be measured are described.     

Soil Water Content and Dry Density by Time Domain Reflectometry

Soil water content and dry density are two important properties for compaction quality control. This paper presents a new method for determining soil water content and dry density using a single time domain reflectometry test, which is an improvement over that designated by ASTM D6780. This new method is based on simultaneous measurement of apparent dielectric constant and bulk electrical conductivity on the same soil sample. Calibration equations correlate these two parameters with soil gravimetric water content and dry density, which are simultaneously solved after adjusting field-measured conductivity to a standard conductivity. The method compensates for temperature effects. The test process takes about 3 min and all calculations are automated. Testing may be done in situ using a special probe that provides sufficient sampling volume or in a compaction mold adapted to form a probe. Laboratory and field tests results show this one-step method is a fast, accurate, and safe method for construction quality control.     

Effect of Rare Earth Element Ce on Microstructure and Properties of Aluminum Rod for Electrical Purpose

The effect of rare earth element Ce on microstructure, electrical conductivity and mechanical properties was studied.Using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer, the microstructure and phase composition of aluminum rod for electrical purpose were measured and analyzed.The results indicate that rare earth element Ce can considerably refine grain size of aluminum rod for electrical purpose,improve the regular distribution pattern of the impurity, such as silicon and iron which present in the aluminum matrix,form stable metal compound with pernicious impurity.This metal compound precipitates on the crystal boundary.As a result, the solid solubility of impurity in aluminum reduce, and the electrical conductivity of aluminum rod for electrical purpose is improved.It is found that the mechanical properties of aluminum rod for electrical purpose are improved by rare earth element in certain range of RE addition.     

纳米隔热材料在水泥厂中的设计应用

纳米隔热材料具有良好的隔热性能和热稳定性,在水泥厂高温部分使用可有效降低系统表面散热。本文通过建立设计模型量化散热量,对纳米隔热材料使用规格、部位作进一步优化。     

电脱氧法电解效率主要影响因素的研究进展

熔盐电脱氧工艺是直接电解还原金属氧化物制备金属或合金的方法,以其工艺简单、环境友好、易于调控等优点广泛应用于金属及合金的制备,但该工艺目前存在电解效率低等问题。影响该方法电解效率的主要因素有:氧化物阴极导电性、O2-扩散、阴极电势、阳极材料。阴极导电性主要受氧空穴的形成,阴极晶型结构的影响,增加阴极氧空穴及有效控制晶型转变有利于增加阴极导电性,从而提高电解效率;O2-扩散影响电解反应速率,增加阴极表面积及合理选择熔盐组分可促进O2-扩散,促进电解脱氧;阴极电势和阳极材料影响阴极有效脱氧,合理控制阴极电势、选择过电位小,性质稳定的阳极材料均有利于提高电解效率。并展望了今后的研究中重点关注通过改进阴极,改进电解装置等提高电脱氧效率。     

核动力蒸汽装置热力循环的有限时间热力学分析

针对二回路蒸汽动力装置的实际过程 ,提出了一个最简单的热力学、动力学模型 ,利用有限时间热力学分析方法和相关理论 ,以装置比功率为目标 ,用数值计算方法对其热工参数进行评估和选择 ,最后给出一些有益的结论。