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61.
The dynamic behaviour of a thermostatic-expansion–valve (TEV)-controlled dry-evaporator is studied experimentally and numerically. Although the linear model of the TEV together with the distributed model of the evaporator is able to predict the stable dynamic response of the system adequately, it fails to reproduce the hunting behaviour that is observed under certain operating conditions. A scrutiny of the experimental data reveals the possible existence of hysteresis in the system. The distributed model including the experimentally determined input-output characteristics of the TEV is able to reproduce the main features of the hunting oscillations well. The amplitude and frequency of these oscillations depend on the static superheat setting, the heat load of the evaporator and the time constant of the TEV bulb. 相似文献
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The paper reviews recent results obtained with diode lasers used in external hybrid cavities with frequency selective feedback.
Such cavities attract continuing interest for several reasons. They generate a tunable single laser mode with very low linewidths
(usually a few tens of kilohertz). Very wide discrete tunable ranges over 100 nm for Fabry-Perot type and over 200 nm for
quantum well lasers are achieved. They can be made to oscillate in a tunable mode having the desired polarization state,TE orTM and, in some cases, simultaneously atTE andTM. This is done by designing a cavity that increases strongly theTM/TE intensity ratio and by using coatings on one laser facet that greatly lower bothTE andTM reflectivities. High-speed polarization switching in the gigahertz range is possible by inserting passive or active polarization
selecting elements in the cavity. For all these reasons hybrid external cavities are attractive for applications in optical
metrology, spectroscopy and optical communications. Moreover, the external cavity configuration allows the study of physical
mechanisms in the laser diode by inducing on purpose phenomena that would have been otherwise impossible to achieve with free-running
lasers. 相似文献
65.
The effect of plasma elongation on the second‐stable spherical tokamak (ST) was numerically studied using the experimentally measured pressure and current profiles of ultrahigh‐beta STs. The maximum beta of ST over 50% was obtained in the TS‐3 ST/CT experiment by applying an external toroidal field to an FRC. It was found that the marginal beta for the ballooning instability increased with the plasma elongation κ of ST. The elongated STs with κ > 2 have the magnetic shear (S)–pressure gradient (α) profiles located in the second‐stable regime for the ballooning mode and the stability margin increased with κ. The close relation between the absolute minimum‐B profile and the second stability was documented. The effect of elongation on maximum beta was observed to saturate when κ exceed 3, indicating that the optimized elongation for high‐beta STs is located around 2 < κ < 3. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 155(4): 1–6, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20132 相似文献
66.
JUJUN JULIANTY† PANFILO BELO‡ ELVEDA SMITH‡ LUCY McPROUD‡ 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》1994,29(3):315-320
Four levels of egg white powder (EWP), 0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5%, were added to fisfc cracker formulation consisting of tapioca starch, fish paste, and water. the mixture was extruded through a single screw extruder, and the extrudate was cut, dried, heated in a microwave, and the degrees of expansion, bulk density, colour and protein content were measured.
The addition of 1.5 and 3.0% EWP had no significant effect ( P < 0.01) on diametral and longitudinal expansion, however, 4.5% EWP significantly ( P < 0.01) reduced them. Bulk density and protein content of the final product increased as the percentage of EWP increased in the formulation. the total colour difference measurement showed a significant increase ( P < 0.01) in brown colouration at 4.5% EWP. 相似文献
The addition of 1.5 and 3.0% EWP had no significant effect ( P < 0.01) on diametral and longitudinal expansion, however, 4.5% EWP significantly ( P < 0.01) reduced them. Bulk density and protein content of the final product increased as the percentage of EWP increased in the formulation. the total colour difference measurement showed a significant increase ( P < 0.01) in brown colouration at 4.5% EWP. 相似文献
67.
介绍一种小型全内腔脉冲Ar+激光管的设计和结构。并对不同阴极,放电管直径,激励电压及Ar气压等对输出功率及激光管寿命的影响作了一系列的实验,试制出结构简单,使用方便,价格便宜的有一定实用价值的小型全内脏脉冲Ar+激光管。 相似文献
68.
报导一种全新冷却方式的双椭圆泵浦腔,具有较高的泵浦效率和光学均匀性。1.06μm调Q脉冲输出能量总转换效率η>0.75% 相似文献
69.
小孔矩形腔体屏蔽特性的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文提出了有孔腔体远、近场电磁屏蔽效能的计算方法,体研究了矩形腔体的屏蔽特性,讨论了各类孔对屏蔽能的影响程度。数值结果表明,理论计算与实验数据吻合较好。 相似文献
70.
介质加载圆柱腔的场分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文应用严格场匹配法解决了介质加载圆柱腔的本征问题,计算了圆柱腔在纵向部分填充介质后TE01n模和TM01n模的本征频率和本征场型的变化。特别分析了本征模式在空气段为截止模的情况。本文的分析方法亦可应用到纵向部分填充介质的传输线和其它形状的谐振腔。 相似文献