Effect of nanoparticle shapes on irreversibility analysis of nanofluid in a microchannel with individual effects of radiative heat flux,velocity slip and convective heating

In this study, the flow of a nanoliquid in a microchannel is examined. Two distinct metallic nanoparticles, titanium and silver, are used in this study. The slip regime and convective boundary are considered to compute the momentum and energy balance equation. The mathematical expressions are made dimensionless by using nondimensional quantities. A numerical approach called Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg scheme is employed to obtain the solution. Effects of the internal heat source and radiative flux on fluid model are examined. The upshots of the pertinent flow parameter and the physical features are visualized through graphical elucidations. The effect of flow constraints on the second law analysis for the described physical phenomenon is predicted. Conclusion indicates that lowering of temperature of the nanofluid is obtained by higher values of nanoparticle volume fraction. The causes of irreversibility in a thermal system is explored in this investigation. The results indicate that nonspherical nanoparticles has higher thermal conductivity ratio as compared with spherical nanoparticles. Minimization of entropy can be attained through increasing volume fraction of titanium and silver nanoparticles. Besides, it is emphasized that entropy generation is high in case of disc‐shaped nanoparticles, followed by needle and sphere shapes.     

中国超细晶硬质合金及原料制备技术进展

超细晶硬质合金是WC晶粒度≤0．5μm的硬质合金,这类合金具有高强度和高硬度的优异性能。目前由超细晶硬质合金制备的高效刀具已经广泛用于航空航天、核能、汽车、发电设备、新能源和电子通讯等现代制造业。主要对中国超细晶硬质合金原料（例如超细碳化钨粉、钴粉、复合粉）和超细晶硬质合金制备技术、性能及表征方法作了系统的阐述。最后对超细晶硬质合金制备技术进行了展望。     

陶瓷球高效超光滑磁流变柔性抛光新工艺研究

目的为实现陶瓷球表面的高效超光滑抛光,提出一种集群磁流变抛光陶瓷球的新工艺。方法在传统V型槽抛光陶瓷球的基础上增加集群磁极和上盘旋转动力,配制适当的磁流变抛光液,通过在上下抛光盘的集群磁极,形成磁流变抛光垫包覆陶瓷球,进行研磨抛光加工。然后,基于陶瓷球工件几何运动学和动力学分析得到球体各运动参数的影响关系,利用机械系统分析软件ADAMS对成球过程进行动态仿真,可以看出该抛光方法能够主动控制球体的运动,实现球面抛光轨迹的快速均匀全包络。最后,根据仿真结果,通过调整上下抛光盘的转速比、偏心距和加工间隙等参数,控制陶瓷球的自转角,实现球面的快速高效超光滑抛光。结果用自行设计的陶瓷球集群磁流变抛光实验装置,对氮化硅陶瓷球进行抛光2.5 h,表面粗糙度Ra从60 nm左右下降到10 nm左右,球形误差为0.13μm,达到了陶瓷球轴承氮化硅球的国家标准(G5水平)。结论集群磁流变抛光方式可以实现球面抛光轨迹的快速均匀全包络,实现陶瓷球表面的高效超光滑抛光,值得进一步深入探讨研究。     

工作压强对SiC空心微球结构及性能的影响

采用化学气相沉积（CVD）-高温热解法,在不同工作压强条件下,制备了惯性约束聚变靶用SiC空心微球。利用X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、白光干涉仪、X射线照相机对SiC空心微球的成分、表面形貌、表面粗糙度、球形度以及壁厚均匀性进行了测试与分析。研究结果表明：随工作压强的增加,SiC空心微球的表面均方根粗糙度先减小后增加,当工作压强为15 Pa时,表面均方根粗糙度达到最小值98 nm;随工作压强的增加,SiC空心微球的球形度未发生明显变化,且均优于97%;而壁厚均匀性则随工作压强的增加先增加后减小,当压强为15 Pa时,壁厚均匀性可达95%。     

CAXA实体设计解决单晶炉复杂钣金件展开曲线

利用CAXA实体设计软件,在单晶炉设计中解决与炉盖椭球封头相贯的钣金件展开曲线的画法。     

Preparation and Performance of Spherical Ni Powder for SLM ProcessingEI北大核心CSCD

3D printing has attracted increasing interests in the field of metallic materials as it can effectively shorten the production cycle and create parts with complex shapes, which can hardly be produced by traditional methods. However, the gas atomization, as the mainstream method of preparing metal and alloy powders to meet the requirements of the processing of selective laser melting (SLM) at present, still has some limitations, such as hollow and/or satellite balls in the powder. This influences directly the density and performance of the printing parts. Moreover, the laser absorption in the smooth surface of powder particle is generally less than 10% in the laser processing, which hinders rapid heating of the powder. It has been found that the material can obtain multiple absorption of laser energy by increasing the surface roughness of powder particles, which can effectively improve the laser absorption rate and is beneficial to get the dense printing parts. Based on this, a novel method combining low temperature spray-drying with heat treatment was developed to prepare Ni powder with high purity, good sphericity, high flowability and narrow particle size distribution. The microstructure and laser absorptivity of the prepared Ni powder were compared with those of the commercial Ni powder prepared by gas atomization, and their influences on the microstructure and properties of the 3D printed bulk materials were investigated. It is found that the laser absorptivity of the Ni powder prepared by spray-drying is more than 2 times as high as that of the commercial Ni powder. This leads to a wider melting channel, smaller surface ten-sion and liquid-bridging force between particles in the printing process. As a result, the spheroidization phenomenon occurred on the surface of the printed bulk material can be avoided by the use of the spraydried powder, and the relative density is achieved as 99.2% at the as-printed state. In the microstructure of the printed bulk material, in addition to the cellular crystals, there are a number of fine columnar crystals, grown across the interlaminar boundaries, which is favorable for a high bonding strength between the interlayers.     

喷雾干燥成型法制备催化裂化催化剂的球形度影响因素分析

分析了催化裂化催化剂喷雾干燥过程中的不同形貌微球成型机理,考察了喷雾干燥成型工艺和催化剂浆液特性对催化剂球形度的影响。结果表明,在热空气的进出口温差约为260 ℃、载气量为1 500~2 000 m3/h、雾化机转速为5 000~14 000 r/min的喷雾干燥成型条件下,催化剂球形度相对较高,不小于0.85;通过增加催化剂浆液总固物质量分数、降低浆液黏度、优化使用黏结剂的类型及其用量,有益于提升催化剂球形度;通过综合优化喷雾干燥成型工艺和催化剂制备过程,可制备出具有实心结构、表面圆整的微球催化剂,所制备的原位晶化催化剂和助催化剂的球形度均大于0.90,半合成催化剂的大于0.88。     

球形储罐CO2气保自动焊焊接技术

本文比较系统的介绍了球形储罐CO_2气体保护自动焊的设备性能、焊丝特点和工艺技术,以及在实践中对柔性轨道、焊接工艺等方面进行了改进,提高了焊接质量和效率。     

Three dimensional particles identification and shape parameters research on coarse aggregates of asphalt mixture using X-ray CT images

In this paper a series of digital image processing methods were adopted for getting separated coarse aggregates from asphalt mixture specimen using high-resolution X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) images.The existing three dimensional (3D) particles matching methods based on two dimensional (2D) continuous cross-sections were analyzed and a new ’overlap area method’ was presented.After the 3D particles were extracted one by one successfully,the basic parameters of each aggregate:perimeter,area,surface area,and volume were calculated by chain code method.Finally,the 3D mass center coordinates and the sphericity index were introduced.