静电喷涂技术在溶剂型涂料中的应用

介绍了静电喷涂的原理、工艺和静电漆料的配方设计原则，从理论和实践上证实了静电喷涂工艺具有较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

Ag-ZnO catalysts for UV-photodegradation of methylene blue

High surface area Ag-ZnO catalysts have been made by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption, UV–vis spectroscopy and electron microscopy (SEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) for elemental mapping. Silver metal clusters deposited directly on ZnO nanocrystals were obtained from this process. The Ag loading (1–5 at.%) controlled the Ag cluster size from 5 to 25 nm but did not influence the ZnO crystal size. Photodegradation of 10 ppm methylene blue (MB) solution was used to evaluate the performance of these FSP-made Ag-ZnO and was compared to wet-made Ag-ZnO and reference titania photocatalysts. The rate of photodegradation was optimal for Ag loading around 3 at.%. The best photocatalytic performance was exhibited by flame-made Ag-ZnO produced at the longest high-temperature residence times having high crystallinity as determined by XRD and UV–vis.     

喷雾干燥的节能分析

喷雾干燥是能耗较大的单元操作,节能工作十分重要。对喷雾干燥过程中的热量分配作了计算分析,并根据作者对喷雾干燥过程的研究及编制的程序对各种操作因素对干燥过程能耗的影响进行了分析评价,给出了干燥过程的节能措施。     

超长、超大基坑开挖对邻近地铁结构安全影响的数值模拟分析

为了研究超长、超大基坑开挖对邻近地铁结构安全影响,以西安地铁2号线周边某基坑为工程实例,通过运用数值分析软件,结合场地的水文地质和工程地质条件,建立数值模型,进行施工过程的动态模拟,同时进行现场监测,经对比数值模拟结果及监测数据,表明运用PLAXIS软件能有效的模拟基坑开挖过程中的土体变形。同时工程采用的分段、分块开挖,中心岛顺做,周边预留土台反压、使用旋喷锚索的支护方案,对复杂条件下基坑开挖对邻近地铁结构的变形影响能起到有效的控制作用,可对类似工程的设计优化提供有益的参考及借鉴。     

Urban water demand,climatic variation,and irrigation-water insecurity: interactive stressors and lessons for water governance from the Angat River basin (Philippines)

Climatic variation and intersectoral water competition increasingly challenge the effective provision of irrigation services. This article explores their combined effects on irrigation allocation from the Angat Reservoir (Philippines), where domestic water use in Metro Manila has overtaken regional irrigation as the dominant right-holder. Rules protecting Metro Manila’s large right to water ‘interact’ with dry spells to affect irrigation security in wet and dry seasons. Historically, irrigators were uncompensated because re-allocation’s cause was contested as (1) an unforeseeable climatic event (releasing domestic utilities of liability), or (2) produced by urban demand (requiring compensation). Trade-off rules must be prepared to navigate combinatory effects.     

采用基因表达式编程的沟灌入渗模型参数估计方法

入渗参数的准确估计是沟灌系统设计优化的关键问题。本文基于基因表达式编程(GEP)算法,通过数值试验获得了沟灌入渗模型参数γ估计GEP算法所需的有效数据集合,进行了参数γ的敏感性分析,确定了模型参数γ估计GEP算法的输入因子及其最优组合,建立了γ与最优组合因子的定量关系,进而提出了γ的估计方法。研究结果表明,γ对积水深度、初始有效含水率和沟深度最敏感;土壤水力特性参数对γ影响较大,模型参数γ估计GEP算法的最优输入因子组合为积水深度、沟深、初始有效含水率、饱和导水率和进气值参数;变积水深度条件下γ的估计值与定积水深度的γ值相近;在变积水深度条件下,与利用HYDRUS-2D模型计算得到的"精确"入渗量相比,应用基于γ估计值的沟灌入渗模型计算的累积入渗量误差小于5%,满足计算精度要求。入渗过程中边界效应对总入渗量的贡献逐渐增大,与细质土壤相比,粗质土壤中边界效应对总入渗量的贡献更大,本研究条件下黏壤土中边界效应最终贡献约为25%,砂土中约为37%。研究表明GEP算法可作为沟灌入渗模型参数γ估计的一种有效方法。     

火焰喷涂塑料粉末

介绍了塑料粉末火焰喷涂的原理、装置及工艺,聚乙烯、EVA树脂、尼龙、聚苯硫醚、氯化聚醚等涂层材料,以及这些涂层材料的耐腐蚀性能。     

Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis for Synthesis of Spherical Zirconia Particles

This paper presents new findings on ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of zirconium hydroxyl acetate precursor drops whose sizes were precisely measured using laser light diffraction technique. Precursor concentration plays a predominant role in determination of product particle size. At 0.01 wt% precursor concentration, conventional spray pyrolysis at 750°C using precursor drops 5–8 μm in diameter, generated by an ultrasonic nebulizer at 2.66 MHz, yielded uniform spherical yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) particles 73 nm in diameter measured by scanning electron microscopy. The YSZ particle diameters were much smaller than those predicted by the one-particle-per-drop mechanism. Under similar reaction conditions, the high-throughput ultrasound-modulated two-fluid (UMTF) spray pyrolysis of larger precursor drops (28-μm peak diameter) also yielded spherical dense particles; they were significantly smaller in size than those produced by the low-throughput conventional ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of smaller drops (6.8-μm peak diameter).     

基于改进的投影寻踪-云模型的农业灌溉水质综合评价

提出基于投影寻踪函数和云模型的水质综合评价模型,选取太湖流域20个样本盐度、氯化物、氨氮、溶解性固体4类具有代表性的农业灌溉水质监测数据,在综合其投影值及隶属度基础上,计算农业灌溉水质的等级区分粒度。结果表明,投影寻踪模型计算值平均绝对误差仅为0.125 2级,达到了较好的水质评价精确度,同时利用云模型计算各个监测指标得到的最大综合确定度所属级别与经验等级一致。     

小型农田水利规划设计要点

对农田水利规划设计的重要性进行了阐述,并分析、研究了小型农田水利规划设计的要点和标准,希望可以为我国水利工程建设提供一定的借鉴。