Freezing-induced splashing during impact of molten metal droplets with high Weber numbers

The impact of molten tin droplets (0.6 mm diameter) on solid surfaces was observed for a range of impact velocities (10–30 m/s), substrate temperatures (25–200 °C) and substrate materials (stainless steel, aluminum and glass). The substrate was mounted on the rim of a rotating flywheel and the collision of single droplets with the moving substrate was photographed. Droplet impact Reynolds number ranged from 2.2 × 10⁴ to 6.5 × 10⁴ and Weber number from 8.0 × 10² to 7.2 × 10³. On a hot surface there was no splashing and droplets spread to form disk-like splats with smooth edges. Solidification around the edges of droplets spreading on cold surfaces created a solid rim that obstructed flow and triggered splashing. An analytical model was developed to predict the transition temperature at which splashing disappeared by assuming that the thickness of the solid layer had to equal that of the splat in the time the droplet spread to its maximum extent in order to obstruct liquid flow. The model predicted the transition temperature for aluminum and stainless steel surfaces, assuming that thermal contact resistance between the droplet and substrate varied between 10⁻⁶ and 10⁻⁷ m² K/W. The model also predicted that tin droplets would not splash on glass surfaces maintained at or above room temperature, and this was confirmed by experiments.     

利用洛河水沙资源改善沙苑地区生态环境的探讨

在分析沙苑地区农田现状和洛河水沙资源特性基础上,提出利用引洪淤灌技术引取洛河高含沙水淤灌,从而改良沙苑的土质和提高土壤肥力,并从工程技术和改良效果等方面全面分析了改良沙苑地区土质和生态环境,从而达到充分利用水沙资源综合治理和改善生态环境的目的。     

燃油锅炉油喷嘴雾化效果分析与改进措施

文章针对燃油锅炉油喷嘴雾化效果差、油枪滴油和油枪及炉膛受热面结焦、喷嘴破口、油枪需要频繁拆卸清洗等运行故障，分析了燃油锅炉油喷嘴的雾化效果和影响参数，提出了改进油喷嘴运行状况的一些措施，使燃油锅炉的运行质量和效率都得到了提高。     

静电喷雾湿式金属填料复合过滤性能

针对日益严重的PM2.5等可吸入颗粒物污染问题,设计开发了一种新型静电喷雾湿式金属填料复合过滤系统,针对大气尘与发烟尘两种尘源,研究了喷淋量、喷雾量、滤料特性、电极环与喷嘴距离以及荷电电压对过滤效率的影响．结果表明：当气流流速为1.2,m/s,喷淋水量为1,m3/h,喷雾量为60,L/h,喷雾荷电电压为10,kV,电极环与喷嘴距离为20,mm时,过滤效果最佳,对颗粒物浓度较大的发烟尘过滤的灵敏度相对较大,对大气尘过滤效率最大可达86%,,对发烟尘过滤效率最大可达99.98%,,可应用于工业与中央空调过滤除尘．     

激光全息技术应用于柴油喷雾场的研究

为进行柴油喷雾场的深入研究，作者研制了激光全息测量方法及分析系统。它包括高分辨率的光学成像系统、高质量的实像再现系统、喷束和激光脉冲的同步控制系统以及计算机图像处理系统。从而使巨脉冲激光同轴全息术得以成功地应用于柴油机密集喷雾场的研究。通过应用最新计算机图像处理技术而获得的三维油束图像，揭示了油束的微观结构与传统理论相悖的奥秘，形象地观察到油束随时间的发展历程以及在不同喷油条件下粒径、颗粒密度的空     

喷雾热解法制备掺氟的氧化锡透明导电膜

采用喷雾热分解的方法,在片状日用玻璃基材和石英玻璃基材上制得了掺氟氧化锡透明导电薄膜。研究了F 的掺杂量、成膜温度和沉积时间对薄膜方阻 R□和在可见光范围内的平均透过率 T 的影响。实验结果表明,当 NH4F的掺杂量为 SnCl_4·5H_2O 的 32%(质量分数)、成膜温度为 450℃、沉积时间为 15 s 时,可使所得薄膜的方阻 R_□最低,为 10Ω/□,可见光范围内的平均透过率为 80%。     

High‐Mobility ZnO Thin Film Transistors Based on Solution‐processed Hafnium Oxide Gate Dielectrics

The properties of metal oxides with high dielectric constant (k) are being extensively studied for use as gate dielectric alternatives to silicon dioxide (SiO₂). Despite their attractive properties, these high‐k dielectrics are usually manufactured using costly vacuum‐based techniques. In that respect, recent research has been focused on the development of alternative deposition methods based on solution‐processable metal oxides. Here, the application of the spray pyrolysis (SP) technique for processing high‐quality hafnium oxide (HfO₂) gate dielectrics and their implementation in thin film transistors employing spray‐coated zinc oxide (ZnO) semiconducting channels are reported. The films are studied by means of admittance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy, FTIR, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and field‐effect measurements. Analyses reveal polycrystalline HfO₂ layers of monoclinic structure that exhibit wide band gap (≈5.7 eV), low roughness (≈0.8 nm), high dielectric constant (k ≈ 18.8), and high breakdown voltage (≈2.7 MV/cm). Thin film transistors based on HfO₂/ZnO stacks exhibit excellent electron transport characteristics with low operating voltages (≈6 V), high on/off current modulation ratio (～10⁷) and electron mobility in excess of 40 cm² V^?1 s^?1.     

Factors Affecting 1-Octen-3-ol in Mushrooms at Harvest and During Postharvest Storage

Harvesting experiments revealed that immature whole mushrooms with closed veils had higher 1-octen-3-0l levels than more mature whole mushrooms with open veils. The l-octen-3-01 content of the gills was higher in immature mushrooms with closed veils, gradually decreased with maturity as the veil opened, and finally increased after the gills were well exposed. Postharvest experiments demonstrated that storage temperature influenced the activity of lipoxygenase-hydroperoxide lyase, but no differences in 1-octen-3-01 content were observed. Enzyme activity as well as 1-octen-3-01 content decreased during storage. Addition of calcium chloride to irrigation water, employed to improve quality and shelf life of fresh mushrooms, increased the amount of l-octen-3-01 immediately after harvest.     

出口直径对内混式空气雾化喷嘴雾化特性及降尘性能的影响

为了掌握喷嘴出口直径对气水喷雾降尘的影响,基于自行设计的气水喷雾降尘实验平台,对不同出口直径的空气雾化喷嘴流量、雾化特性及降尘性能进行了实测,并对实验结果作对比分析。研究结果表明:随着出口直径的增加,喷嘴耗水量几乎保持线性增长,而耗气量呈现指数增长的变化趋势;喷雾射程和雾滴体积分数均随着出口直径的增大不断增大,而雾化角先增大后减小;出口直径为2. 0 mm的喷嘴雾化质量最好,所形成的雾滴索太尔平均直径D[3,2]最小,且雾滴粒径呈现正态分布,雾滴尺寸较为集中;雾滴速度沿喷嘴轴线方向不断衰减,且喷嘴直径越大雾滴速度衰减越缓慢;随着喷嘴直径的增加,雾滴速度呈现先增大后减小的变化规律;全尘和呼吸性粉尘降尘效率随着喷嘴出口直径的增加均有所提高,但增幅较小;综合考虑喷嘴降尘性能、耗水量和耗气量等因素,在采掘作业场所进行气水喷雾降尘时,选择出口直径为2. 0～3. 0 mm的空气雾化喷嘴较为合适。     

网格划分对喷雾造粒塔数值模拟精度的影响

为了研究网格模型简化形式和网格分块策略对模拟精度的影响,对喷雾造粒塔进行了多组网格划分并将数值模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比。结果表明：采用简化的网格模型得到的模拟结果无论是数值大小还是变化趋势与实验结果偏差较大;采用无简化喷嘴网格模型(喷嘴出口网格垂直映射)得到的模拟结果有所改善,而建模时考虑了射流方向和物理耗散的无简化喷嘴网格模型得到的模拟结果效果最佳。因此在网格模型简化后需要对模拟结果进行对比验证,而且不能忽视网格分块策略对模拟精度的影响。