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41.
Nitrogen fixation of and N transfer from cowpea, mungbean and groundnut when intercropped with maize
Grain legumes are used widely in intercropping systems. However, quantitative and comparative data available as to their N2 fixation and N beneficial effect on the companion crop in intercropping systems are scarce. Hence, studies were conducted to ascertain the above when cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were intercropped with maize. The study was15N-aided and made outdoors in basins (30 L) filled with 38 kg of soil.15N labelling was effected by incorporating15N-tagged plant material or applying15N-labelled fertilizer along with sucrose to stabilize15N enrichment in the soil during the experimental period. Intercropped groundnut fixed the highest amount of nitrogen from the atmosphere (i.e. 552 mg plant–1), deriving 85% of its N from the atmosphere. Intercropped cowpea and mungbean fixed 161 and 197 mg N plant–1, obtaining 81% and 78% of their N content from the atmosphere, respectively. The proportion of N derived by maize from the associated legume varied from 7-11% for mungbean, 11–20% for cowpea and 12–26% for groundnut which amounted to about 19–22, 29–45 and 33–60 mg N maize plant–1, respectively. The high nitrogen fixation potential of groundnut in dual stands and its relatively low harvest index for N have apparently contributed to greater N-benefical effect on the associated crop. 相似文献
42.
从燃料乙醇局部替代石油消费的角度,结合经济计量模型和实地调研对燃料乙醇产业未来的盈利能力,市场规模以及其对玉米市场冲击进行了阐述。 相似文献
43.
Z. H. Xu R. J. K. Myers P. G. Saffigna A. L. Chapman 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》1993,34(1):1-8
Legume residues have been credited with supplying mineral nitrogen (N) to the associated cereal crop and improving soil fertility in the long term. Few studies using15N have reported the fate of legume N and fertilizer N in the presence of legume residues in soil-plant systems over periods of two years or longer. A field experiment was conducted in microplots to evaluate: (1) the residual value of the15N added in leucaena residues; (2) the residual value of fertilizer15N applied in the presence of unlabelled leucaena residues in the first year to maize over three subsequent years; and (3) the long-term fate of residual fertilizer and leucaena15N in a leucaena alley cropping system.There was a significant increase in maize production over three subsequent years after addition of leucaena residues. The residual effect of fertilizer N increased maize yield in the second year when N fertilizer was applied at 36 kg N ha–1 in the first year in the presence of leucaena residues. Of the leucaena15N applied in the first year, the second, third and fourth maize crop recovered 2.6%, 1.8% and 1.4%, respectively. The corresponding values for the residual fertilizer15N were 0.7%, 0.4% and 0.3%. About 12–14% of the fertilizer15N added in the first year was found in the 200 cm soil profile over the following three years. This differed from the 38–41% of leucaena15N detected in the soil over the same period. Most of the residual fertilizer and leucaena15N in the soil was immobilized in the top 25 cm with less than 1% leached below 100 cm. More than 36% of the leucaena15N and fertilizer15N added in the first year was apparently lost from the soil-plant system in the first two years. No further loss of the residual leucaena and fertilizer15N was detected after two years. 相似文献
44.
45.
基于结构弹性稳定理论原理,导出了高温环境下钢柱在轴向荷载作用时具有弹性支座的稳定长度计算式,分析了弹簧刚度、耐火保护层、温度等参数对钢柱稳定长度的影响,进一步提出了在实际工程中应采取的有关措施。 相似文献
46.
采用虚拟弹簧对2关节欠驱动手指进行了动力学建模。并使用该方法建立实际的3关节欠驱动手指的动力学模型,通过动态控制实验验证了动力学模型的正确性。该方法不仅避免了求解微分几何方程,并且直接派生出可解耦的动力学模型。可直接进行逆动力学分析、仿真和实时控制。同时,建立了基于动力学模型的速度观测器,用于轨迹跟踪,弥补了欠驱动手没有速度传感器的缺点,补偿了欠驱动环节造成的不确定因素。与PID或计算力矩法相比较,其轨迹跟踪误差更小,动态控制效果更好。 相似文献
47.
通过对不同水分含量(13.5%、15.0%、17.0%)的玉米,在不同温度(自然温度、18℃、25℃),不同气体(空气、98%N2、40%CO2)条件下建立正交试验并模拟储藏,研究玉米在储藏过程中品质的变化规律,并对相关数据进行回归处理和方差分析.结果表明:随着储藏时间的延长,发芽率的变化呈由高到低的趋势;脂肪酸值和丙二醛含量呈由低到高的趋势;玉米含水量、储藏气体成分、储藏温度及储藏时间对发芽率、脂肪酸值和丙二醛含量有显著性的影响,对发芽率、脂肪酸值和丙二醛含量影响的大小均为:玉米含水量>储藏时间>储藏温度>储藏气体成分;同时,98%N2和40%CO2气调储藏较常规气体储藏有显著的抑制玉米品质降低的效果,且CO2优于N2气调储藏. 相似文献
48.
在用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测定玉米AFB1含量的过程中,通过改进样品提取方法,将样品本身的影响因素所造成的误差降至最小.结果表明:ELISA定量检测的标准工作溶液与样品提取液内成分相当时,样品检测结果准确,回收率稳定在83%以上. 相似文献
49.
气动推出注射模是注射模中的一种典型结构,它是利用压缩空气推出塑件;玩具车中的轮胎是结构独特而常用的一种塑件。用注射成型,脱模方法就是气动脱模。轮胎气动推出模的常用结构是由高压空气推开锥形阀门进入型腔,将塑件强行推出。阀门由弹簧复位。本文介绍另一种简单实用的气阀结构,经实践检验,非常稳定可靠。 相似文献
50.
Effects of molasses grass,Melinis minutiflora volatiles on the foraging behavior of the cereal stemborer parasitoid,Cotesia sesamiae 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Olfactory responses of the cereal stemborer parasitoid Cotesia
sesamiae to volatiles emitted by gramineous host and nonhost plants of the stemborers were studied in a Y-tube olfactometer. The host plants were maize (Zea mays) and sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor), while the nonhost plant was molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora). In single-choice tests, females of C. sesamiae chose volatiles from infested and uninfested host plants and molasses grass over volatiles from the control (soil). In dual-choice tests, the wasp preferred volatiles from infested host plants to those from uninfested host plants. There was no discrimination between molasses grass volatiles and those of uninfested maize, uninfested sorghum, or infested maize. The wasp preferred sorghum volatiles over maize. Combining uninfested maize or sorghum with molasses grass did not make volatiles from the combination more attractive as compared to only uninfested host plants. Infested maize alone was as attractive as when combined with molasses grass. Infested sorghum was preferred over its combination with molasses grass. Local growth conditions of the molasses grasses influenced attractiveness to the parasitoids. Volatiles from Thika molasses grass were attractive, while those from Mbita molasses grass were not. Growing the Thika molasses grass in Mbita rendered it unattractive and vice versa with the Mbita molasses grass. This is a case of the same genotype expressing different phenotypes due to environmental factors. 相似文献