随机非线性系统的输出反馈控制

针对满足线性增长条件的一类随机非线性系统, 本文研究了输出反馈镇定问题. 然而不同于现有的所有文献, 由于线性增长条件中含有不可量测的状态, 引入了一个待定的高增益观测器. 利用反推设计技术, 构造性地给出了一个输出反馈控制器的设计, 通过适当地选取高增益参数, 保证了闭环系统的零解是概率意义下全局渐近稳定的, 输出几乎处处调节于零.     

磁浮列车搭接结构的非线性解耦控制

磁浮列车的搭接结构是一个多输入多输出的非线性系统, 对该系统进行稳定控制是确保磁浮列车可靠性的关键. 本文采用微分几何方法对系统解耦; 采用反馈线性化方法对解耦后的系统进行线性化, 确保了系统的全局稳定性; 对线性化之后的系统采用极点配置的方法进行控制律设计, 使系统的动态性能达到一定的指标; 最后给出了应用此方法的一个实际例子.     

不确定系统的稳定广义预测控制

针对一类有界不确定线性离散被控对象,采用Min-Max优化方法,提出一种新的稳定广义预测控制(MMSGPC)算法.引入内模控制结构,将干扰和不确定性从被控对象中分离出来,并利用局部反环节对其进行补偿;采用Min-Max优化方法,将终端约束条件转化为有界不确定性最差情况时应的线性方程;通过引入矩阵的Moore-Penrose逆,得到了终端约束线性方程的通解,并结合性能指标函数求得了最优控制律.通过仿真实例验证了该方法的稳定效果.     

Semi-global finite-time observers for nonlinear systems

It is well known that high gain observers exist for single output nonlinear systems that are uniformly observable and globally Lipschitzian. Under the same conditions, we show that these systems admit semi-global and finite-time converging observers. This is achieved with a derivation of a new sufficient condition for local finite-time stability, in conjunction with applications of geometric homogeneity and Lyapunov theories.     

Characterization of laser hardened steels by laser induced ultrasonic surface waves

Ultrasonic surface waves are suitable for the characterization of surface hardened materials. This is shown on laser hardened turbine blades. The martensitic microstructure within the surface layer of surface hardened steels has a lower surface wave propagation velocity than the annealed or normalized substrate material. Because the propagation velocity depends on the ratio of layer thickness to wavelengthd/, its measurement allows the determination of the hardening depth. If the surface wave frequency is high enough, the surface wave propagates mainly within the hardened layer. A correlation of the surface wave velocity to the surface hardness has been found. Because the variation of the surface velocity in hardened steels is small, a high measurement accuracy is necessary to obtain the interesting hardening parameters with sufficient certainty. Therefore, a measuring arrangement has been developed where laser pulses, guided by optical fibers to the surface hardened structure, generate simultaneously surface wave pulses at two different positions. The two ultrasonic pulses are received by a piezoelectric transducer. The surface wave velocity is obtained from the time delay between these pulses which is determined by the cross-correlation method. To evaluate simultaneously surface waves with different penetration depths from the same signal acquisition, digital filtering has been used in connection with the cross-correlation.     

Ultrafast Switchable Passive Radiative Cooling Smart Windows with Synergistic Optical Modulation

Switchable passive radiative cooling (PRC) smart windows can modulate sunlight transmission and spontaneously emit heat to outer space through atmospheric transparent window, presenting great potential in building energy conservation. However, realizing stable and on-demand control of the cooling efficiency for PRC materials is still challenging. Herein, an electro-controlled polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) smart window showing PRC property is designed and prepared by adding mid-infrared emitting reactive monomers into the conventional PDLC matrix. It is found that not only the electro-optical properties but also the PRC efficiency of PRC PDLC film are tunable by regulating the content of the mid-infrared emitting components, film thickness, and micromorphology. This advanced PRC PDLC material achieves a near/sub-ambient temperature when the solar irradiance is below 400 W m⁻² and can dynamically manage daytime cooling efficiency. Importantly, its PRC efficiency is capable of being tuned in an on-demand and ultrafast millisecond-scale way, whose controllable transparency enables multistage heat regulation. This study is hoped to provide new inspiration in the preparation of advanced optical devices and energy-efficient equipment.     

Improvisation of Node Mobility Using Cluster Routing-based Group Adaptive in MANET

In today's Internet routing infrastructure, designers have addressed scaling concerns in routing constrained multiobjective optimization problems examining latency and mobility concerns as a secondary constrain. In tactical Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), hubs can function based on the work plan in various social affairs and the internally connected hubs are almost having the related moving standards where the topology between one and the other are tightly coupled in steady support by considering the touchstone of hubs such as a self-sorted out, self-mending and self-administration. Clustering in the routing process is one of the key aspects to increase MANET performance by coordinating the pathways using multiple criteria and analytics. We present a Group Adaptive Hybrid Routing Algorithm (GAHRA) for gathering portability, which pursues table-driven directing methodology in stable accumulations and on-request steering strategy for versatile situations. Based on this aspect, the research demonstrates an adjustable framework for commuting between the table-driven approach and the on-request approach, with the objectives of enhancing the output of MANET routing computation in each hub. Simulation analysis and replication results reveal that the proposed method is promising than a single well-known existing routing approach and is well-suited for sensitive MANET applications.     

基于性能驱动的船载稳定平台尺度参数优化设计

为提升船载稳定平台的运动学性能,针对■并联机构的尺度参数优化问题,以机构的工作空间体积和全域力传递率为综合评价指标,采用小生境遗传算法优化得到稳定平台的最佳几何构形。具体地,采用数值法与解析法相结合的方式判断支链长度、关节转角、奇异位形等约束条件的生效情况,求解出并联稳定平台的工作空间;基于力雅可比矩阵逆矩阵的最小奇异值定义机构的局部力传递性能,以工作空间内局部力传递率的平均值作为全域力传递性能评价指标;以工作空间体积和全域力传递率的加权和为优化目标,采用小生境自适应遗传算法完成优化求解,获得最优尺度参数。与初始构形的性能对比分析表明,优化构形在力传递性能方面有35%的提升,具有更好的综合运动学性能。制作试验样机并完成相关实验,验证了所提尺度参数优化方法的有效性。最后探讨了多目标优化过程中不同的权重系数取值对优化结果的作用规律,发现选用均衡的权重可获得更佳的综合性能。     

基于改进YOLOv3的智慧足球场行人检测

由于足球比赛场景中密集人群、移动小目标居多, YOLOv3算法存在检测精确度较低且模型参数量较大等问题, 使其无法部署在资源算力有限的移动设备上, 本文提出了一种基于改进YOLOv3的行人检测方法, 将Darknet-53主干特征提取网络替换为更加高效且轻量化的GhostNet网络; 同时选取了4个尺度的检测分支层并采用K-means++算法改善anchor box的聚类效果; 添加空间金字塔池化对输入图像实现相同大小的输出; 提出CIoU损失函数来计算目标定位损失值; 添加heatmap热力图可视化并在训练中使用Mosaic数据增强. 实验结果表明, YOLOv3-GhostNet在VOC融合数据集上mAP达到90.97%的同时相比YOLOv3算法提高了1.75%, 参数量减少了约81.4%且实时检测速率提高了约1.5倍, 在小型移动设备上表现出不错的检测效果.     

Rational Filters for Passive Depth from Defocus

A fundamental problem in depth from defocus is the measurement of relative defocus between images. The performance of previously proposed focus operators are inevitably sensitive to the frequency spectra of local scene textures. As a result, focus operators such as the Laplacian of Gaussian result in poor depth estimates. An alternative is to use large filter banks that densely sample the frequency space. Though this approach can result in better depth accuracy, it sacrifices the computational efficiency that depth from defocus offers over stereo and structure from motion. We propose a class of broadband operators that, when used together, provide invariance to scene texture and produce accurate and dense depth maps. Since the operators are broadband, a small number of them are sufficient for depth estimation of scenes with complex textural properties. In addition, a depth confidence measure is derived that can be computed from the outputs of the operators. This confidence measure permits further refinement of computed depth maps. Experiments are conducted on both synthetic and real scenes to evaluate the performance of the proposed operators. The depth detection gain error is less than 1%, irrespective of texture frequency. Depth accuracy is found to be 0.51.2% of the distance of the object from the imaging optics.