黄浦江越江隧道深槽管段抬高对邻近水域的影响

应用所建立的黄浦江二、三维水流数学模型计算了黄浦江越江隧道深槽管段的抬高对邻近水域的影响 ,分析了工程实施后和施工过程中工程区附近水位、流场变化情况 .计算结果表明 ,工程实施后和施工过程中对防洪、船舶航行安全并无明显影响 .     

洪水期水库调水调沙与黄河下游河道排沙分析

从1973～1990年期间，选取了60个洪峰时段的实测资料，分析了黄河下游河道的泥沙淤积和排沙比，得出结论为，如果洪水期三门峡出库平均含沙量为100～200kg／m3时，出库洪峰流量在4000～5000m3／s之间，可把50％～80％左右0．025～0．05mm和0．05～0．1mm的两级中粗沙排入海里；洪水期出库平均含沙量为50～100kg／m3，出库洪峰流量为3500～4000m3／s左右时，可把50％～190％的0．025～0．05mm和0．05～0．1mm的两级中粗沙排入海里．     

Design Flood Estimation Using GIS Supported GIUHApproach

Quantitative understanding and prediction of theprocesses of runoff generation and its transmission to theoutlet represent one of the most basic and challenging areasof hydrology. Traditional techniques for design floodestimation use historical rainfall-runoff data for unithydrograph derivation. Such techniques have been widelyapplied for the estimation of design flood hydrograph at thesites of gauged catchment. For ungauged catchments, unithydrograph may be derived using either regional unithydrograph approach or alternatively GeomorhologicalInstantaneous Unit Hydrograph (GIUH) approach. The unithydrograph thus derived may be used for the simulation offlood events for the ungauged catchments. In this study Gambhiri dam catchment located inRajasthan, India is selected for applying this approach. Gambhiri river is a small tributary of the Berach/Banasriver of the Chambal basin in Rajasthan, India. Theobjective of the present study is to apply GeographicalInformation System (GIS) supported GIUH approach for theestimation of design flood. A mathematical model has beendeveloped at the National Institute of Hydrology, whichenables the evaluation of the Clark Model parameters usinggeomorphological characteristics of the basin. This modelhas been applied for the present study.From this study it is observed that the peakcharacteristics of the design flood are more sensitive tothe various storm pattern as well as method of criticalsequencing followed for the computation of design stormpatterns. Earlier estimates for the peak and time to peakhydrograph was 9143.74 cumec and 18 hrs. respectively.However, the estimates for the peak characteristics ofdesign flood hydrograph obtained from the GIUH basedapproach are 11870.6 cumec and 19 hrs. respectivelyconsidering the same design storm pattern.     

金华电航桥副坝工程设计方案的优选与实施

金华电航桥副坝工程总长 1980 m,原设计为 C10细石混凝土砌条石重力坝 ,在正式施工前优化为以钢筋混凝土面板堆石坝为主的复合结构型式 ,按照发电工期要求分为两阶段实施 ,确保了工期 ,且质量优良 ,节省投资 73 1.5 7万元 ;避免了 5 .0 m3/ s的渗流损失 ,增加了电站保证出力 5 0 4k W,每年可增加发电量 3 2 6.5 9万 k W· h     

防洪减灾风险管理研究综述

主要对水文风险、水力风险、经济风险、风险决策和洪水保险五个方面的风险管理方法在防洪减灾中的研究现状进行归纳和评述 .其中水文风险的研究重点分为线型选择、参数估计、风险率计算三部分 ;水力风险的研究主要集中在水库泄洪风险及河道或洪泛区的洪水演进研究 ;经济风险分析主要集中在防洪费用效益的风险分析 ;风险决策研究通常表现为防洪问题的可靠性规划和多目标风险分析两种形式 ;洪水保险的研究主要是利用模拟模型来推导一个最优洪水保险策略 .文末阐述了防洪减灾风险管理的发展趋势     

北京市24h、3d暴雨定点定面关系分析

简述暴雨定点定面关系分析方法，对不同分区24h、3d点面雨量系列的频率计算与分析并进行了合理性检查，通过对不同分区、不同历时暴雨定点定面关系成果分析与综合，得出了北京地区24h、3d暴雨定点定面关系。     

The flood of the century on the River Oder: effects on the 0+ fish community and implications for floodplain restoration

In summer 1997, the flood of the century occurred on the River Oder in the Czech Republic, Poland and Germany. Effects of the summer flood on the 0+ fish community were evaluated at the Lower Oder in the Polish–German National Park. Fish were collected from different mesohabitats before the flood, at rising water levels and after the flood using Point Abundance Sampling by electrofishing. Flooding caused changes in local 0+ fish assemblages and partly affected the physical habitat structure. Two sandbars were formed by breaches in the dike system, replacing the former uniform river embankments. Under post‐flood conditions, diversity was increased in nearly all mesohabitats. ‘Wash‐out’ of 0+ fish was highest in poorly structured mesohabitats. Effects of the summer flood on eurytopic species were the most pronounced. We suggest that the progeny of rheophilic species were affected to a lesser extent by flooding because of their adaptation to variable flow conditions. Furthermore, rheophilic 0+ fish were able to colonize the newly created mesohabitats and, thus, benefited from the increased habitat heterogeneity after the flood. In this context, implications for floodplain restoration are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黄河下游洪水期断面调整对过洪能力的影响

水位表现是水流与河床边界相互作用的客观反映。对于不同的河流二者所起的作用各不相同，一般河流，河床变形不显著，水位主要依赖于流量的大小而变化；而像黄河这样的多沙河流，周界变化迅速，尤其是洪水期，槽冲滩淤，涨冲落淤，断面调整对水位影响很大。文中从定性到定量对中低含沙量的各级洪水，主槽冲刷对过洪能力的影响进行了详细分析，成果对防洪有指导意义。     

汉江上游流域水文特性分析

通过安康长系列水文资料分析，论述了汉江上游流域内降水、径流、泥沙的变化规律，同时提出了暴雨洪水特性、水力资源有效利用两个主要问题。     

冷43块稠油油藏氮气泡沫调剖实验研究

在模拟辽河冷43块稠油油藏的烧结模型上进行了氮气泡沫调剖实验研究。起泡剂HL-1溶液与氮气质量比为1：1，驱替流量按相似条件求出，驱替程序包括：饱和地层水，水驱，氮气泡沫驱，后续水驱。常压下在均质模型中注入起泡剂溶液和氮气时，阻力因子随LH-1浓度增大而增大，随温度升高而略减小，在30、60、80℃下，0．5％LH-1浓度时分别为5．81，5．78，5．67；后续注水时残余阻力因子随温度升高略有减小，在以上3个温度下分别为1．83，1．78，1．68。在非均质模型上，在围压高于内压2MPa条件下，高渗低渗层流量比在水驱时为3．00～3．17。注入1．0％LH-1溶液和氮气时下降至1．44～1．67，后续水驱时回升至2．08～2．23；常压(0．1MPa)、60℃或80℃下该组流量比值相差不大；60℃、压力0．1、10、20MPa下的该流量比，注剂时分别为1．44，1．63，1．67，后续水驱时分别为2．08，2．08，2．13。两组实验结果表明：LH-1的浓度宜选择0．5％～0．6％；同时注入起泡剂溶液和氮气可在岩心中产生泡沫，泡沫先进入高渗层，起调剖和使后续泡沫流和水流转向的作用；在高压下泡沫仍具有这种调剖和使流体流转向能力，只是略有减弱。表2表4．