一种新型机载防浪涌电压保护电路设计

设计了一种新型的机载过压保护电路.该电路以芯片LT4356和APL502L为主要器件,简单可靠,能够满足防80 V/50 ms浪涌电压要求.介绍了该防浪涌电压保护电路主要特点和参数设计,并对该电路进行了仿真分析.相应实验结果表明,该电路是一种可靠有效的机载过压保护电路.     

Genetic adaptive state estimation

A genetic algorithm (GA) uses the principles of evolution, natural selection, and genetics to offer a method for parallel search of complex spaces. This paper describes a GA that can perform on-line adaptive state estimation for linear and nonlinear systems. First, it shows how to construct a genetic adaptive state estimator where a GA evolves the model in a state estimator in real time so that the state estimation error is driven to zero. Next, several examples are used to illustrate the operation and performance of the genetic adaptive state estimator. Its performance is compared to that of the conventional adaptive Luenberger observer for two linear system examples. Next, a genetic adaptive state estimator is used to predict when surge and stall occur in a nonlinear jet engine. Our main conclusion is that the genetic adaptive state estimator has the potential to offer higher performance estimators for nonlinear systems over current methods.     

Calendar of Future Meetings Involving IWRA

ABSTRACT

Irrigation-water-delivery systems are designed and managed to receive water from a source and to distribute it among farmers in order to meet their agricultural requirements. High system performance can be achieved through rehabilitation of deteriorating and inadequate physical facilities and through improved system management. Various design decisions must be made in order to rehabilitate or develop irrigation-water-delivery systems, including those related to specification of the characteristics of hydraulic structures used to convey regulate, or divert water

This study develops and applies a response surface methodology (RSM) for achieving optimal design for hydraulic structures in irrigation-water-delivery systems in canal networks. This approach provides a means of understanding system behavior through developing a response surface in terms of a mathematical expression representing system performance as affected by design decisions. Design decisions include pipe diameters for diversion and regulating structures. Simulation of steady spatially varied flow was incorporated into the response surface methodology to determine high-performance low-cost solutions.

Objectives of adequacy, efficiency dependability, and equity of water delivery were considered in defining water delivery performance. Fuzzy membership functions were used to address subjectivity associated with interpreting expected values of performance measures associated with each of the prescribed objectives.

This study is an extension of a previous study by Alshaikh [1]. That study reported the application of RSM on a single canal case while herein RSM was used for the case of a canal network. Though, in general, RSMs for large-scale branched systems are computationally intensive, this proposed methodology overcomes this drawback. The approach constitutes a significant easy-to-use step forward in the development of comprehensive systems-scale techniques for the design of structural components of irrigation-water-delivery systems.     

紫色土丘陵区典型生态-水文单元径流与氮磷输移特征

通过对紫色土丘陵区典型农业-集镇-林地复合型小流域3次降雨-径流全过程的连续监测,测定了径流过程中泥沙含量和不同形态氮磷浓度,以期认识典型农村生态-水文单元降雨径流过程中氮磷迁移规律。结果表明：降雨-径流过程中悬浮泥沙的流失主要集中在径流前期,其峰值出现在雨强最大时;集镇径流污染的影响主要表现在径流前期,是径流前期铵态氮偏高的主因;降雨-径流过程中,颗粒态氮与可溶态氮比（PN/DN）、颗粒态磷与可溶态磷比（PP/DP）的峰值均出现在雨强较大时：其中 PN/DN 多小于1,而 PP/DP 范围为1.1~30.2,说明氮素流失主要通过可溶态的方式,而磷的迁移以颗粒态磷为主。因此在紫色丘陵区建议利用湿地植物与沉砂池等综合措施控制土壤侵蚀和非点源污染以保护当地生态环境安全。     

一种电涌保护器智能监测系统的研制

针对变电站电涌保护器（SPD）在线监测困难,现场测试成本过高,开发研制了一种SPD智能监测系统.首先介绍系统构架,对监测终端的设计、通信规约实现和中心管理平台的结构、功能和交互形式进行较为详细地阐述;研制了SPD智能监测系统,并在陈寮山微波站实际应用,证明了系统能够有效地采集雷击电流波形等参数,有效监测电涌保护器的运行情况;并根据保护器安装位置可以判断雷电流的入侵方式,为微波站整改防雷措施提供依据.     

山西省小浪底引黄工程地下泵站设计

小浪底引黄工程是山西省“十二五”大水网规划中的重点水利工程.文中简要地介绍了该工程地下泵站的设计规模、总体布置、调压井、岩壁吊车梁、电缆井、地下厂房的防渗、排水、防潮的设计思路和要点.     

暴雨衰减指数为函数型的暴雨强度公式确定方法

暴雨强度公式是城镇排水工程设计的基本依据之一。为提高暴雨衰减指数随重现期显著变化时暴雨强度公式的拟合精度,结合实例研究了采用麦夸尔特法确定衰减指数为函数型的五参数暴雨强度公式的方法。计算结果表明,五参数暴雨强度公式能显著提高拟合精度,由该公式计算的残差平方和及各重现期的绝对均方差(即标准差)均明显小于四参数公式的计算结果,其各重现期的绝对均方差均小于0.05mm/min。该方法能有效降低重现期较小与较大时的绝对均方差。此外,给出了麦夸尔特法的计算程序框图,为编写计算程序代码奠定基础。     

不张拉锚索在橙子沟水电站调压井的应用

橙子沟调压井采用打入待开挖井壁的不张拉锚索,没有工程先例。文章介绍了这种布置和结构特殊的锚索,包括其设计、施工、监测、应用前景及存在问题,为如何提高薄壁结构调压井岩石完整性和开挖稳定性提供了一种新的锚固方法。     

陆棚风暴沉积特征及油气地质意义

以国内外陆棚风暴沉积的研究成果和具体实例为主线,论述陆棚风暴沉积和陆棚风暴岩的特征和形成机理,介绍陆棚风暴沉积作用的主要控制因素.结合具体实例,分析并对比钙质陆棚风暴沉积和砂质陆棚风暴沉积模式的沉积特征.运用油气地质勘探理论,探讨陆棚风暴沉积的油气地质意义.     

复杂地质条件下调压室三维有限元参数反分析

在地下洞室施工过程的3维有限元模拟过程中,数值计算结果受到地应力场及岩体力学参数的影响。在参数反演过程中,地应力场和岩体力学参数对洞室围岩应力变形的大小影响过程非常复杂,要同时反演这两方面参数比较困难,因此依托复杂地质条件下柳坪水电站调压室工程,采用3维非线性有限元分析,把地应力场岩体力学参数分两步进行反演,首先利用洞室围岩变形之间的规律对地应力场进行反分析,岩体力学参数选取参考范围的中值,在获得计算模型的地应力场数值及分布规律后,再对岩体力学参数进行反分析,反演得到岩体的力学参数,得出微新围岩、断层、弱风化带、强风化带变形模量分别为19、0.45、4.5、2.25 GPa,泊松比分别为0.21、0.35、0.25、0.30。反分析位移与监测位移对比表明,平均相对误差符合计算精度要求,可为类似工程的研究、分析提供参考。