稻秆热解过程中碱金属转化析出过程试验研究

为了对高碱生物质热化学转化中碱金属问题的解决提供理论指导，定量研究了稻杆中K、Na、Cl的
热解析出过程.以化学分馏法和相关检测为基本分析手段，在小型固定床热解试验台上以稻杆为原料进行
了试验，得到不同形式的碱金属和Cl在热解各阶段的动态析出过程和转化特性.结果表明，稻杆中的碱金
属在673 K以下随热解进行快速析出，然后转入高温慢速析出阶段.K、Na和Cl在热解中的转化模式大体类
似，其中Cl在523 K以下的低温热解阶段表现出更强的挥发性.水溶性K和Na占生物质原料中碱金属含量的
90%以上，是造成碱金属热解析出的主要原因.热解过程中，不同形式的K之间还存在一定程度的相互转化
，而Na的行为相对单纯，除水溶性外的其他形式Na在热解中表现出较强的惰性.     

麦草浆黑液降粘技术概述

草浆黑液粘度高，提取率低，给黑液碱回收各工序造成很大的障碍，作者在文中介绍了与麦草浆黑注粘度相关的一些主要因素，并重点介绍了目前麦草浆黑液降粘技术的发展。     

稻草浆强化氧碱漂白

介绍了AS-AQ稻草浆通过酸预处理后，借助H2O2强化的氧碱漂白工艺，结果表明，经过一段氧漂，稻草浆的白度可以达到65.7%ISO，粘度为830mL/g，适合进行下段漂白，以达到较高的白度及较好的白度稳定性。     

秸秆发酵饲料原料预处理工艺比较及影响因素

为确定有效的秸秆发酵原料预处理工艺,本文研究了秸秆的粉碎、膨化、蒸汽处理、NaOH、CaO、H_2SO_4、氨水等物理和化学预处理法,并比较以上各种预处理方法对秸秆发酵的影响。     

活性污泥法处理难生物降解废水

本研究探讨难生物降解的碱法草浆黑液后续好氧生物处理的可能性。试验结果表明:引入部分生活污水、延长水力停留时间和缩短污泥龄可分别起到改善进水水质、延长微生物与难降解物质的接触时间以及提高污泥絮体的活住,增强吸附能力的作用。从而使得活性污泥法对难生物降解的碱法草浆黑液可进行有效的处理。     

Determination of the kinetic parameters of oat straw using thermogravimetric analysis

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques were used to study the thermochemical behaviour of three varieties of oat straw (Sentinel, Shaw, and Tibor). The thermal degradation of oat straw was studied in an oxidizing atmosphere (15% oxygen and 85% nitrogen) from ambient temperature to a temperature of 700°C using a heating rate of 20°C min⁻¹. Two distinct reaction zones were observed on the TGA and DTA curves. The kinetic parameters (order of reaction, activation energy, and pre-exponential factor) were determined for each zone separately by applying thermo-analytical techniques to the reaction kinetics. Higher thermal degradation rates were observed in the first reaction zone due to rapid release of volatiles as compared to those in the second reaction zone. The activation energies were in the range of 83–102 and 58–75 kJ mol⁻¹ for the first and the second reaction zones, respectively.     

天然植物秸杆隔震性能实验研究

目前,天然植物秸秆是制作缓冲包装衬垫的一种新型环保缓冲材料,具有巨大的潜在市场价值。选取吸能缓冲性能好的天然植物秸秆进行实验研究,对其在干性和湿性条件下的材料性质和动力学特性进行对比分析,以便为研发新型优质的现代常规炸弹爆炸防护装备以及防护工程人员和精密仪器安全进行隔震设计提供有效支持。     

污水厂过剩污泥与秸秆快速堆肥实验研究

将城市污水处理厂过剩污泥与固废物农作物秸秆结合,采用生物技术经一定工艺方法进行好氧快速堆肥处理,生产出符合城市绿化产业使用的优质有机腐殖肥。实验结果表明,单纯使用过剩污泥和秸秆发酵堆肥的效果很不理想;加入辅助菌种,严格控制适宜的反应条件,30d左右即可快速完成堆肥全过程。经检测,生产出来的有机腐殖肥除个别重金属元素超标外,其余各项指标均符合国家规定的相关标准,可以用于城市绿化产业使用。     

用秸秆灰作矿渣水泥掺和料的试验

用来自热电厂的粉状秸秆灰部分取代水泥熟料粉磨水泥，然后各以20％矿粉掺入上述两种水泥中，比较它们常规条件下的物理性能。结果表明，用4％左右粉状秸秆灰代替熟料能使包括强度在内的水泥性能保持不变。     

The impact of barley straw conditioning on the inhibition of Scenedesmus using chemostats

The current paper investigates the role of barley straw conditioning on inhibiting the alga Scenedesmus. Fresh, pre-rotted and white rot fungi (WRF) augmented straw was tested in a series of chemostat experiments over 15 weeks. All three systems were effective at inhibiting the alga with differences observed in the lag time before inhibition occurred and the rate of alga decline. Lag times of 8, 4 and 1 week(s) were recorded for the fresh, rotted and fungi-treated straws, respectively, with a maximum inhibition rate of >7 × 10⁴ cells week⁻¹ observed for the fungi pre-treated system. Overall, the results indicate that pre-treatment is a viable method to enable barley straw to be used in a more reactive manner. Explanation is postulated that during pre-treatment no alternative sources of nitrogen are available, thereby leading to greater bacterial decomposition of straw lignin to release inhibitory substances. The principle of utilising an engineered pre-treatment by inoculating barley straw with WRF to enhance the impact of the straw on algal inhibition has been clearly demonstrated. Further work is required to understand how the straw pre-treatment stage can be reduced to minimise its duration while maximising the inhibitory effect of adding barley straw.