稻草AS－AQ法制浆的研究

对稻草ＡＳ－ＡＱ法蒸煮中不同亚硫酸化度的影响进行了研究。结果表明，在其他条件不变的情况下，随着亚硫酸化度的降低，木素脱除率增高；另一方面，蒸煮的脱木素选择性降低，碳水化合物溶出率升高而得率下降。在亚硫酸化度０．３～０．４处，纸浆的硬度最低。未漂浆白度随亚硫酸化度降低而降低，漂率随其降低而升高。     

木聚糖酶处理麦草浆纤维形态变化的研究

用扫描电镜观察木聚糖酶处理过的麦草浆的纤维表面形态,发现木聚糖酶处理可以使麦草浆纤维表面的结构发生变化。结果表明：未经木聚糖酶处理的麦草浆纤维硬挺,表面结构较为光滑。随着酶用量的增加,纤维表面越来越粗糙,皱褶和裂隙也越来越多,纤维表面剥落现象进一步加强。当酶用量增加至15U/g时,麦草浆纤维的表面剥落现象非常严重,出现局部裂隙现象直至大面积沟槽结构。还发现木聚糖酶预处理和后处理漂白浆的白度均明显高于未经处理的,而且物理强度较好。     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液的制备及其助滤性能

以丙烯酰胺（AM）和丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DAC）为共聚单体．采用分散聚合法在无机盐水溶液中得到了性能稳定的聚合物乳液。对所得产物进行红外光谱和粒径分析，并将所得阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）用于漂白麦草浆试验，结果表明，自制的CPAM能显著提高浆料中填料的留着率并改善浆料的滤水性能。     

微生物发酵稻草生产饲料工艺研究

利用稻草粉作为发酵基质,通过对培养基配方、培养基含水量、发酵温度及发酵周期的研究,探索到微生物发酵稻草生产饲料工艺条件为:稻草粉80 g、玉米粉19 g、尿素1 g、葡萄糖2 g、磷酸二氢钾0.1 g,培养基含水量为1∶2,发酵温度为30℃,发酵周期为6 d。产物分析结果表明:采用优化工艺进行发酵,发酵后稻草粉的纤维素含量为22.34%;粗蛋白含量达22.08%,可溶性糖含量为3.87%。     

聚乙烯胺在草浆造纸中的应用

研究了由聚N-乙烯基甲酰胺的碱性水解得到的聚乙烯胺在芦苇浆和麦草浆造纸中对纸张的增强、助滤和助留作用.实验结果表明:浆中添加w=0.2%的聚乙烯胺,可使芦苇浆和麦草浆纸张的干抗张强度分别提高23.3%和12.7%,湿抗张强度分别为干抗张强度的12.1%和11.2%;打浆度分别从30°SR降至12°SR和18°SR;纤维留着率分别从60.0%提高到80.5%和从79.5%提高到85.0%.     

Microbial degradation of rice and barley straws in the sheep rumen and the donkey caecum

The chemical composition, intake, digestibility, ultrastructure and microbial degradation of rice straw from Camargue were compared with barley straw. These variables were observed in two different herbivore digestive ecosystems: the sheep rumen and the donkey caecum. The two straws differed essentially in their ash content, which was three times higher in rice, owing to its silica content. Other chemical components were comparable, except a higher phenolic acids‐to‐lignin ratio in rice. Rice straw was better ingested than barley straw. Organic matter and neutral detergent fibre digestibilities were the same in both straws. Dry matter and cell wall disappearances could be adjusted to the exponential modelling equation with lag time, and differed between animals but not between straws. The sheep rumen had a higher extent of degradation, but the donkey caecum had a higher degradation rate. Statistical analysis revealed that cell‐wall components degradation was similar in the two straws except for ferulic acid, which was more degraded in rice straw. Scanning electron microscopy showed important differences in parenchyma degradation, which was much more effective in rice. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

北方农村复合颗粒燃料取暖全生命周期评价研究

以秸秆和煤为原料制备复合颗粒燃料,利用全生命周期评价方法,研究颗粒燃烧取暖全生命周期过程中的能源消耗和环境影响。结果表明：颗粒燃料取暖全生命周期过程中能量投入为908 MJ/t,燃烧释放热量15490 MJ/t,能量产出投入比为17.1,能源转化效率较高。颗粒燃料的能量投入主要来自玉米种植,种植过程中的氮肥使用消耗较多能量。对气候变化（GWP）和酸化（AP）贡献较大的清单数据为颗粒燃料的燃烧,其中燃烧污染物排放的直接贡献最大,贡献率分别为53.22%和46.08%;对水资源消耗（WU）贡献较大的清单数据为颗粒燃料的压制,贡献率为71.56%;对富营养化潜值（EP）贡献较大的清单数据为颗粒燃料燃烧后的废渣排放,贡献率为43.40%。     

麦草生物化机浆过氧乙酸与过氧化氢漂白

研究了麦草生物化机浆CH3COOOH漂白条件以及CH3COOOH与H2O2的组合漂白.结果表明:麦草生物化机浆过氧乙酸适宜漂白条件为:3%CH3COOOH、90min、50℃、pH5.经PaP3P3a和PaP5P5a漂白,麦草生物化机浆的白度分别可达61.9%和72.1%(IS0).     

Assessment of nutritive value of cereal and legume straws based on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility

The nutritive value of 17 straws was determined on the basis of their chemical composition, in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility and rumen fermentation kinetics (from gas production curves measured in vitro). Five roughages were from the cereal species Avena sativa (oat), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Secale cereale (rye), Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Zea mays (maize stover). The other 12 samples were legume straws, two samples from each of the species Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Lens culinaris (lentil) and Phaseolus vulgaris (bean) and one sample from each of the species Lathyrus sativus (chickling vetch), Lupinus albus (white lupin), Pisum sativum (field pea), Vicia articulata (one‐flowered vetch), Vicia ervilia (bitter vetch) and Vicia sativa (common vetch). All samples were collected after harvesting from different farms located in León (northwestern Spain). Based on their chemical composition, digestibility and gas production characteristics, species could be clustered into two groups with a significant linkage distance, one for cereal straws that merged at a level of similarity of 80% and the other for legume straws with a degree of similarity of 50%. Species varied widely and significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed between the two groups of straws. Legume straws showed higher crude protein (74 ± 6.1 vs 29 ± 2.2 g kg^?1 DM) and lower fibre (584 ± 18.1 vs 793 ± 27.5 g neutral detergent fibre kg^?1 DM) contents than cereal straws and, consequently, DM digestibility coefficients (0.670 vs 0.609; standard error of difference 0.0054) and metabolisable energy values (7.4 ± 0.15 vs 5.7 ± 0.24 MJ kg^?1 DM) were significantly greater in legume than in cereal straws. Although there were noticeable differences among species within each botanical family, legume straws showed better nutritional quality than cereal straws, indicating that they could be considered promising and interesting sources of roughage for incorporation into ruminant diets. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Optimisation of the alkaline peroxide pretreatment for the delignification of rice straw and its applications

Alkaline peroxide pretreatment for the delignification of rice straw was optimised by varying the concentrations of H₂O₂ and NaOH and changing the temperature and duration of the pretreatment. Changes in the lignin content, content of total carbohydrates and weight loss were measured during the pretreatments. Maximum delignification of 62% was obtained by pretreating rice straw at 50°C for 5h with 1.5% (w/v) NaOH and 1% (v/v) H₂O₂, The preferential loss of hemicellulose and lignin from the straw resulted in an increase in the cellulose content of the insoluble residue after pretreatment from 47% (untreated) to 67.79% (treated). The product of this treatment is characterised by having higher cellulose digestibility than untreated rice straw. It also has use as a carbohydrate source in ruminant feed since the in-vivo digestibility by the cow increased from 56.85 % to 76.54% (P < 0.001). The treated rice straw could also be used for commercial process such as the generation of Single Cell Protein. Growth of Sporotrichum pulverulentum on treated rice straw gave a protein product of 24.41 % as compared to 3.8% on untreated rice straw.