乳牛肝菌液态发酵合成茶氨酸的新方法

通过乳牛肝菌液态发酵实现茶氨酸生物合成的新途径。分别考察碳源、氮源、温度、装液量、转速和起始pH值等液态发酵条件对乳牛肝菌生成茶氨酸的影响。试验结果表明乳牛肝菌合成茶氨酸的最适条件是:葡萄糖30g/L,酵母膏7g/L,培养基装液量60mL,起始pH5.5,于28℃条件下140r/min培养10d。经毛细管电泳分析可获得9.08mg/L的茶氨酸生成量。通过乳牛肝菌液态发酵直接生成茶氨酸,不仅丰富了自然界天然合成茶氨酸的物种资源,而且也为开辟茶氨酸制备新途径奠定了研究基础,具有开发应用前景。     

富锗木耳菌丝体主要化学成分分析

以木耳为研究材料,采用深层液体培养的方法获得富锗木耳菌丝体。测定了富锗木耳菌丝体的主要化学成分含量。结果表明,木耳液体深层培养在锗浓度400μg/mL时,菌丝体生物量、胞内多糖、蛋白质、鸟苷、胞苷含量均达到最高,分别为10.11、106.80、117.52、10.59、11.65mg/g,分别比空白对照提高了10.86%、16.56%、15.27%、49.58%、29.36%。富锗木耳菌丝体氨基酸含量在锗浓度为600μg/mL时含量最高为82.18mg/g,比空白对照提高了11.58%。菌丝体有机锗含量在锗浓度为800μg/mL时最高,达到8.67mg/g,比空白对照增加了57.8倍。在锗浓度实验范围内木耳菌丝体中有机锗含量则随着锗浓度的升高而增加。木耳菌丝体中胞内多糖、氨基酸、蛋白质、鸟苷、胞苷等含量均随着锗浓度的上升呈现先增后减的趋势,锗在低浓度时对上述生物学指标有促进作用,在高浓度时对其有抑制作用。     

埋弧焊H桥式送丝实用电路设计

采用电流型控制芯片UC3856作为双闭环控制核心,设计了一种埋弧焊H桥式送丝实用电路,针对等速送丝与变速送丝采用不同的双闭环控制电路。针对受限单级式可逆PWM调速系统,设计了对应驱动电路,控制效果好,结构简单,控制精度高。     

Biotechnological potential of industrial wastes for economical citric acid bioproduction by Aspergillus niger through submerged fermentation

Submerged citric acid (CA) bioproduction was carried out by Aspergillus niger NRRL‐567 using various industrial wastes, such as brewery spent liquid (BSL), lactoserum and starch industry water sludge. CA bioproduction was carried out by varying the temperature (25–35 °C), pH (3–5), addition of inducers, incubation time and supplementation with different proportions of apple pomace ultrafiltration sludge (APS). The results indicated that under the best conditions with 3% (v/v) methanol, the optimal concentration of 11.34 g L^?1 CA was recorded using BSL at pH 3.5 and temperature 30 °C after 120‐h incubation period. Supplementation of methanol resulted in an increase of 56% CA production. Meanwhile, under similar conditions, higher concentration of 18.34 g L^?1 CA was reported with the supplementation of BSL with 40% (v/v) APS having suspended solids concentration of 30 g L^?1. The present study demonstrated the potential of BSL supplemented with APS as an alternative cheap substrate for CA fermentation.     

北虫草发酵过程中营养成分及代谢物变化研究

研究了北虫草摇瓶发酵过程中培养基营养成分及其代谢物质变化情况,测定了培养基的pH、总糖、还原糖和可溶性蛋白及游离氨基酸等成分含量,探明了北虫草菌体生长、多糖及虫草素生成规律。结果显示:随发酵时间的延长,发酵液的pH、可溶性固形物、总糖和还原糖含量均总体呈下降趋势;游离氨基酸含量呈先变化迟缓而后上升趋势;北虫草菌丝体及虫草素产量随时间延长先增加后下降;粗多糖含量总体略呈下降趋势。      

Production, purification and characterisation of polysaccharides from Pleurotus ostreatus with antitumour activity

BACKGROUND: Mushroom polysaccharides play an important role in functional foods because they exhibit biological modulator properties such as antitumour, antiviral and antibacterial activities. The present study involved the production, purification and characterisation of intracellular and extracellular free and protein‐bound polysaccharides from Pleurotus ostreatus and the investigation of their growth‐inhibitory effect on human carcinoma cell lines. RESULTS: Several fermentation parameters were obtained: batch polysaccharide productivities of 0.013 ± 8.12 × 10^?5 and 0.037 ± 0.0005 g L^?1 day^?1 for intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides respectively, a maximum biomass concentration of 9.35 ± 0.18 g L^?1, P_max = 0.935 ± 0.018 g L^?1 day^?1, µ_max = 0.218 ± 0.02 day^?1, Y_EP/X = 0.040 ± 0.0015 g g^?1 and Y_IP/X = 0.014 ± 0.0003 g g^?1. Some polysaccharides exhibited superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐like activity of 50‐200 units. Fourier transform infrared analysis of the polysaccharides revealed absorption bands characteristic of such biological macromolecules. Cytotoxicity assays showed that both intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides exhibited antitumour activity towards several tested human carcinoma cell lines in a dose‐dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The polysaccharides of P. ostreatus exhibited high SOD‐like activity, which strongly supports their biological effect on tumour cell lines. The extracellular polysaccharides presented the highest antitumour activity towards the RL95 carcinoma cell line and should be further investigated as an antitumour agent. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Nitrification of fertilizer wastewaters in a biofilm reactor

The nitrification characteristics of fertilizer wastes were investigated in a biofilm system using a submerged aerated filter. The attachment of biomass on packing media was studied. Supplement of organic carbon in the form of glucose and yeast extract enhanced biofilm formation although the nitrifiers did not require organic carbon for growth. After an attachment period, continuous operation of the reactor at different loading rates and dissolved oxygen levels was investigated. The maximum achievable nitrification rate was strongly dependent on the dissolved oxygen. In the dissolved oxygen range of 3·2–3·5 mg dm⁻³, the maximum ammonia removal rate was about 0·17 kg NH₄ N m⁻³ day⁻¹. When the dissolved oxygen was increased to 4·9 mg dm⁻³, removal rates as high as 0·41 kg NH₄ N m⁻³ day⁻¹ could be obtained. Nitrite accumulation depended on the bulk nitrogen and dissolved oxygen concentrations.     

浸入式水口防堵塞的研究进展

介绍了铝碳质浸入式水口的Al_2O_3堵塞问题及Al_2O_3附着机理,阐述了防止水口堵塞的各项措施,并探讨了浸入式水口的发展趋势。     

液氯液下泵故障分析及改进

分析了LSY40 -10/7型液氯液下泵气相部分、支撑管、出液接管、推力盘等部件烧毁,泵轴承断裂的原因,并提出了改进措施.     

Kinetic,thermodynamic parameters and in vitro digestion of tannase from Aspergillus tamarii URM 7115

Tannase is an enzyme used in various industries and produced by a large number of microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate tannase production to determine the biochemical, kinetic, and thermodynamic properties and to simulate tannase in vitro digestion. The tannase-producing fungal strain was isolated from “jamun” leaves and identified as Aspergillus tamarii. Temperature at 26°C for 67?h was the best combination for maximum tannase activity (6.35-fold; initial activity in Plackett–Burman design—15.53?U/mL and average final activity in Doehlert design—98.68?U/mL). The crude extract of tannase was optimally active at 40°C, pH 5.5 and 6.5. Moreover, tannase was stimulated by Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Mn²⁺. The half-life at 40°C lasted 247.55?min. The free energy of Gibbs, enthalpy, and entropy, at 40°C, was 81.47, 16.85, and ?0.21?kJ/mol?·?K, respectively. After total digestion, 123.95% of the original activity was retained. Results suggested that tannase from A. tamarii URM 7115 is an enzyme of interest for industrial applications, such as gallic acid production, additive for feed industry, and for beverage manufacturing, due to its catalytic and thermodynamic properties.