无机颜料的表面处理

介绍了无机颜料表面处理的作用及实现途径,并对其作用机理进行了分析,还叙述了表面活性剂的选择和处理方式。     

Influence of activated carbon pore structure on oxygen reduction at catalyst layers supported on rotating disk electrodes

Carbon materials are often used as catalyst supports, and for catalysts in electrodes of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, carbon black has been used. Recently, it was found, however, that activated carbon could replace carbon black and besides, significantly improve the activity of the electrode catalyst layer for oxygen reduction. In the present study, to optimize the pore structure of activated carbon for further activity improvement, the influence of the pore structure on the activity was investigated using activated carbon of various specific surface areas and mean pore diameters. A catalyst layer was formed from activated carbon loaded with platinum and a polymer electrolyte. The activity of the layer was measured in an oxygen-saturated perchloric acid solution, supporting the layer on a rotating glassy carbon disk electrode. We found that increases in the specific surface area and mean pore diameter increased the activity and that the latter was more effective than the former mainly due to the enhanced mass-transfer in the pores; the catalyst layer formed from activated carbon with the largest mean pore diameter was the most active. Unless pores excessively develop and lose connections between particles, a large pore diameter is therefore desired for the fuel cell electrodes.     

烧碱生产用水的综台利用

阐述了河北盛华化工有限公司综合利用烧碱生产用水的意义，介绍了所采取的措施及效果。     

水基液压液用聚醚的研制

详细总结了国内外水基液压液的研制、使用情况 ,合成水溶性聚醚所用的各种催化剂。利用开发出的工艺可在现有的聚醚生产线上生产水溶性聚醚 ,该工艺条件、生产配方合理 ,生产重现性好 ,生产出的JH系列产品比国内的PE系列产品性能优良 ,且可取代进口同类产品 ,满足国内市场需要     

基于物元分析法的水资源管理现代化评价

为科学合理地评价区域水资源管理现代化水平,从水资源保障、用水效率、水资源保护、水资源公共管理能力、水资源支撑能力5个方面构建评价指标体系,将模糊层次分析法(FAHP)和熵权法耦合,确定评价指标综合权重,基于物元理论建立水资源管理现代化评价模型。以南京市高淳区为例进行评价,结果表明,南京市高淳区水资源现代化管理水平处于初等现代化阶段,与实际情况相符,验证了所构建评价模型的可行性和有效性。     

The mechanism of the poisoning of ammonia synthesis catalysts by oxygenates O2, CO and H2O: an in situ method for active surface determination

The effect of adding an oxygenated poison (O₂, CO or H₂O) to a hydrogen/nitrogen stream producing ammonia over a triply promoted (K₂O, CaO, Al₂O₃) commercial catalyst is not unsurprisingly rapidly to poison the catalyst. However, immediately the oxygenated poison reacts with the catalyst and before total poisoning has occurred, which in these experiments took 10 min, there was an explosive release of ammonia producing concentrations in the gas phase in excess of the equilibrium value. This is thought to be due to a convulsive reorganisation of the surface of the catalyst in forming regions of an oxide overlayer, resulting in the expulsion of the standing surface nitrogen atom coverage as ammonia. However, in contradistinction to the observation of complete poisoning of the triply promoted catalyst shortly after switching the water (2.9%) into the hydrogen/nitrogen stream, when polycrystalline iron was used as the catalyst, after the initial pulse of ammonia was observed, the small quantity of water (2.9%) in the hydrogen/nitrogen stream resulted in an increased rate ( ×3) of ammonia synthesis which declined only slightly over the twenty minute duration of the experiment. The difference in behaviour between the triply promoted catalyst and the polycrystalline iron is thought to be due to the relative ease of reduction of the latter, so that submonolayer quantities of oxide can be stabilised on the surface of the polycrystalline iron. The promoting effect of this oxide overlayer is either structural or electronic; no distinction can be made from these experiments. The technique of injecting either O₂ or CO into a hydrogen/nitrogen stream which is producing ammonia over promoted catalysts in quantities insufficient to cause complete poisoning and measuring the oxygen coverage of the catalyst to a measured decrease in the ammonia synthesis rate, appears to be a ready, in situ method for the determination of the active catalyst area.     

水泥填料对心墙沥青混凝土长期水稳定性的影响

以优选的心墙沥青混凝土配合比为基础,分别采用质量分数为12%的石灰石粉、6%水泥+6%石灰石粉、12%水泥作为填料配制沥青混凝土试件,研究水泥填料对采用天然砾石骨料的心墙沥青混凝土长期水稳定性的影响。试验结果表明:采用12%石灰石粉为填料的沥青混凝土水稳定系数随浸水时间的延长而不断减小,且在浸水75 h后水稳定系数降至0.88,已不满足心墙沥青混凝土水稳定系数大于或等于0.90的要求;采用12%水泥、6%水泥+6%石灰石粉为填料的沥青混凝土水稳定系数随浸水时间的延长先增大后减小,且在浸水375 h后达到最大,分别为1.02和0.98,在浸水1 500 h后水稳定系数仍然能够满足规范要求;用水泥替代部分石灰石粉作填料也可有效改善心墙沥青混凝土的长期水稳定性。     

大凌河流域初始水权分配实践评价

结合大凌河流域初始水权分配实践,从分配范围、分配机制、分配原则、分配模型等方面,对现有研究成果进行全面梳理。在此基础上,结合大凌河流域特点,借鉴我国流域水资源配置评价指标体系,从公平性、效率性、可持续发展、政府宏观调控4个维度,设计了一套水权分配评价指标体系,进而构建了初始水权分配实践效果的耦合评价模型,并应用于大凌河流域。结果表明,在政府和大凌河流域水行政管理部门的宏观调控作用下,通过加强大凌河流域所在区域的政治民主协商,流域内各区域水权分配结果充分体现了与其社会经济发展之间的匹配性,且各区域之间的耦合协同发展效度均达到较高水平。     

珠江干流(2008—2015年)水质变化趋势分析

以珠江干流为研究区域,选取源头及干流10个水质断面的2008-2015年7项参数监测数据,采用季节性kendall趋势检验法分析珠江干流的水质变化趋势,得出珠江干流各测站的pH、溶解氧(DO)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、总磷(TP)、氟化物(F-)共5项参数趋于改善,五日生化需氧量(BOD5)及氨氮(NH3-N)共2项参数浓度基本保持不变;流域水质变化综合指数WQTI表明珠江干流总体水质状况趋向改善;水质呈现上游恶化中下游好转、污染物呈现以省区为单位以省会为中心的西部低东部高的地域分布特点.     

电化学氧化法处理生活污水的研究

采用电化学氧化法处理生活污水,探讨了电解质浓度、电流密度、pH值、反应温度、不同电极等对COD、浊度的影响。实验表明,处理水中COD、浊度的最佳条件是:电解质浓度为45 g/L,pH值为8,电流密度为60 mA/m2,温度为22℃,阳极为RuSn电极,阴极使用不锈钢电极。此时COD去除率达86.22%,浊度去除率达80%,悬浮固体去除率和细菌去除率94%和99%。