80 kt/a硫铁矿制酸扩建装置采用的新技术措施

针对采用水洗净化工艺的某80kt/a硫铁矿制酸装置的扩建设计，介绍了其中主要改扩建工段及设备采用的新技术措施，设计中对原料工段、沸腾炉、文氏管、泡沫塔、转化器、换热器等进行了改进，满足了厂方两期建设产量不同的要求。     

后处理工艺中叠氮酸测定的离子色谱法

本工作研究肼及其衍生物与偏钒酸铵反应所生成的叠氮酸的单柱离子色谱测定法。首先用氢氧化钠中和样品中多余的酸，再采用VydacIC302柱、以1mmol/L邻苯二甲酸作淋洗液进行色谱分离，然后由电导检测器进行测定。该方法对N^-₃的检测下限为5μg/mL，N^-₃线性范围为5~201μg/mL，线性相关系数为0.9994。待测实际样品需稀释10倍，叠氮酸的检测下限随之升至51μg/mL。     

活性污泥法污水处理数学模型的发展和应用

综述了活性污泥法污水处理数学模型自20世纪50年代以来的发展历程； 阐述了国际水协会（IWA）推出的活性污泥1号、2号、2D号、3号模型（ASM1、ASM2、ASM2D、ASM3）各自的特点和使用限制条件； 介绍了几种基于ASM系列模型的具有代表性的商业化仿真软件． 最后，还就ASM系列模型的三个应用难点——水质的分析测定、模型简化、参数校正进行了讨论．     

1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚分光光度法测定硫酸阳极氧化液中铜

研究了铜与1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)的显色反应,建立了测定硫酸阳极氧化液中铜的新方法。以TritonX-100为增溶增敏剂,明胶作稳定保护剂,在酸性条件下Cu-PAN络合物稳定保持在水相中,直接进行光度分析。该络合物在558nm处有最大吸收峰,其表观摩尔吸光系数ε=2.25×104L.mol-1.cm-1。方法检出限为0.028μg/mL,线性范围为0～3.2μg/mL,用于测定硫酸阳极氧化液中的铜,加标回收率为98.2%～105.6%,相对标准偏差≤0.34%。     

铜抑制剂巯基乙酸的合成工艺

巯基乙酸是硫化铜矿物的抑制剂,广泛用于铜钼浮选分离。本文对巯基乙酸的合成工艺进行了比较研究,认为硫氢化钠法和硫代硫酸钠法生产成本低,适宜于选矿用巯基乙酸的生产,而硫脲法可得到较高浓度的巯基乙酸。     

Speciation of the Fe(II)–Fe(III)–H2SO4–H2O system at 25 and 50 °C

This work presents theoretical and experimental results on the speciation of the Fe(II)–Fe(III)–H₂SO₄–H₂O system in concentrated solutions (up to 2.2 m H₂SO₄ and 1.3 m Fe). The aim was to study the chemical equilibria of iron at 25 and 50 °C in synthetic aqueous sulphuric acid solutions that contain dissolved ferric and ferrous ion species. Raman spectroscopy, volumetric titration and conductivity measurements have been carried out in order to study the presence of specific ions and to characterize the ionic equilibrium. A thermochemical equilibrium model incorporating an extended Debye–Hückel relationship was used to calculate the activities of ionic species in solution. Model calculations were compared with experimental results. Model simulations indicate that anions, cations and neutral complexes coexisted in the studied system, where the dominant species were HSO₄⁻, H⁺, Fe²⁺ and FeH(SO₄)₂⁰. This indicated that these solutions showed a high buffer capacity due to the existence of bisulphate ions (HSO₄⁻), which presented the highest concentration. A decrease in the concentration of H⁺ and Fe³⁺ took place with increasing temperature due to the formation of complex species. Standard equilibrium constants for the formation of FeH(SO₄)₂⁰ were obtained in this work: log K_f⁰ = 8.1 ± 0.3 at 25 °C and 10.0 ± 0.3 at 50 °C.     

Using selective precipitant for uranyl ions — Fundamental studies for evaluating the precipitant performance

We have developed a simple reprocessing process for spent FBR fuels using N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone (NCP) which has selective precipitation ability for UO₂²⁺ ions. It was confirmed that NCP has sufficient precipitation ability for UO₂²⁺ ions, decontamination capability (separation of UO₂²⁺ from simulated fission products), and resistance to γ-ray radiation in nitric acid solutions. These findings indicate that NCP is applicable to our reprocessing process. We have also evaluated performances of other precipitants such as N-n-propyl-2-pyrrolidone (NProP), N-n-butyl-2-pyrrolidone (NBP), and N-n-butyl-2-pyridone (NBPyr). It was found that higher decontamination factors (DFs) are obtained by using NProP and NBP. This can be interpreted that the hydrophobicity of NProP and NBP is lower than that of NCP. Furthermore, we have obtained an experimental result that the resistance of NBPyr to γ-ray radiation is superior to that of NCP.     

三氧化钨催化氧化环己烯合成己二酸

无需有机溶剂、酸性配体及相转移剂,以30%H2O2为氧源,单独使用三氧化钨作催化剂催化氧化环己烯合成己二酸即可达到较高的产率和纯度。当三氧化钨用量为5.0m m ol,W O3:环己烯:H2O2的摩尔比为1:40:176时,在回流温度下反应6h,己二酸分离产率为75.4%,己二酸纯度99.8%。三氧化钨催化剂重复使用4次,己二酸的分离产率仍可达到70%以上。结合FTIR和XRD分析证明了三氧化钨催化氧化环己烯反应过程中催化剂的结构稳定性和重复使用性。     

钨酸催化氧化环己酮合成己二酸

以钨酸-有机酸性添加剂为催化体系,在无有机溶剂和相转移剂的情况下,催化30%过氧化氢氧化环己酮合成己二酸。当钨酸∶有机酸性添加剂∶环己酮∶过氧化氢=11∶4∶01∶76(摩尔比,钨酸用量为2.5mmol)时,使用有机酸性添加剂来调节钨酸催化活性,结果表明以钨酸-磺酸水杨酸氧化环己酮效果最优,反应8h时己二酸分离产率达86.8%、纯度为99.9%;以间苯二酚或邻苯二酚为添加剂时,己二酸分离产率分别达到85.9%和84.5%,纯度约为100%;而不使用任何添加剂时,己二酸分离产率只有68.1%、纯度为95.2%。当使用磺酸水杨酸、草酸等为有机酸性添加剂时,随反应时间的延长,己二酸分离产率均升高。当磺酸水杨酸用量为2.5mmol时,己二酸分离产率和纯度均较高。钨酸-磺酸水杨酸和钨酸-草酸催化体系重复使用5次后,己二酸分离产率仍分别可达80.2%和80.9%。