Pheromone Response Inhibitors of the Corn Stalk Borer Sesamia nonagrioides. Biological Evaluation and Toxicology

The behavioral activity of some trifluoromethyl ketones (TFMKs) as inhibitors of the pheromone activity of the corn stalk borer Sesamia nonagrioides (Lef.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is reported. The most closely-related analogue to the pheromone tested, (Z)-11-hexadecenyl trifluoromethyl ketone (Z11-16:TFMK), elicited a significant decrease in the number of male catches in traps baited with mixtures with the pheromone in 1:1 and 10:1 ratios in comparison to the pheromone alone. The E isomer of the analogue as well as two highly hydrated ketones, 3-octylthio-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one (OTFP) and 1,1-difluoropentadecyl trifluoromethyl ketone, were inactive. Conversely, the saturated TFMKs n-dodecyl trifluoromethyl ketone and, particularly, n-hexadecyl trifluoromethyl ketone induced a synergistic effect when mixed with the synthetic pheromone in 10:1 ratio. However, in a wind tunnel these chemicals did not elicit any differential effect on flying moths attracted to a source containing a 10:1 blend of the analogue and the pheromone. In a dual choice bioassay with two dispensers, containing the pheromone alone, and mixtures of Z11-16:TFMK and the pheromone and separated 5 cm apart, males showed no particular preference for either dispenser. The ketone mixture, however, induced moths to execute erratic flights with frequent crosswind counter-turns and intersections with plume boundaries. The total number of contacts with the source were reduced when a control dispenser was paired with a dispenser containing Z11-16:TFMK and pheromone. Z11-16:TFMK and OTFP showed little toxicity on mice with a LD₅₀ of 1 g/kg after the 6th day of treatment. For comparitive purposes, the major component of the pheromone, Z11-16:Ac, displayed a LD₅₀ of 5 g/kg 6 days after application. Our results provide additional information about the activity of the TFMKs, which might be useful for the utilization of these chemicals in future pest control studies.     

Modeling calcium and water intake in threshed corn grain during thermo-alkaline treatment

A mathematical model describing simultaneous solvent diffusion and gelatinization of starch was used to explain the water and calcium absorption in threshed corn grains during the thermo-alkaline treatment. A computer-aided nonlinear optimization technique was used to find the effective diffusion coefficients and the reaction rate constants of water and calcium in threshed corn grains at boiling temperature (92.5 ± 0.3 °C). The mathematical model shows good correlation between measured and predicted values of water and calcium intake. It is concluded that the cooking process is limited by the reaction of starch components with water and calcium. The effective diffusion coefficient for water varied between 1.18 × 10⁻¹⁰ and 1.45 × 10⁻¹⁰ m²/s and for calcium between 8.55 × 10⁻¹⁰and 16.77 × 10⁻¹⁰ m²/s. The diffusion of water and calcium in threshed corn was produced with a reaction rate constants in the range of 6.83 × 10⁻⁴ to 10.4 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹ for water and 2.7 × 10⁻⁵–7.6 × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ for calcium. According to these effective diffusion coefficient values the diffusive process seems to be slower for water than for calcium. However, the reaction rate constant values are approximately 10 times higher for water than for calcium which may indicate that a higher amount of solvent was linked in the water diffusion process due to the gelatinization. Low concentration of Ca(OH)₂ such as 0.10% did not significantly affect the water diffusion of threshed corn during the cooking process.     

玉米淀粉在糖化中的应用

本文介绍了玉米淀粉的特性，比较了使用玉米淀粉作辅料的优势及糖化生产中应满足的设备、工艺要求，分析了玉米淀粉代替大米作辅料对啤酒质量的影响。     

亚硫酸化玉米油的研制与应用

本文书回归分析和最优化技术应用于玉米油的亚硫酸化研究。用模糊控制评分法将加脂乳液稳定性数量化，采用改进的逐步回归分析法，调用ＡＳＲＡ软件，建立了亚硫酸化产物乳液稳定性与温度，空气流量，ＮａＨＳＯ３用量和反应时间之间关系的数学模型，并用非线性规划方法寻求最佳工艺条件。优化所得工艺条件的特点是ＮａＨＳＯ３用量少，反应时间短。所得亚硫酸化玉米油乳液稳定性好。应用实验表明，该加脂剂在革内渗透深，分布均匀，加脂后的革含油量高，柔软，丰满，具有高的抗张强度。其加脂性能达到或超过国内同类产品的水平。在对亚硫酸化玉米油的研制和应用中，使用了化学方法，ＩＲ技术，并对加脂革进行了光学显微镜的观察。     

玉米的干法磨粉与湿法磨粉及其产品的利用

玉米是世界上主要的谷物,现代玉米工业可充分利用玉米籽粒的各组成部分,获得最大的经济效益。本文介绍国外一些国家对玉米的使用情况,干法磨粉和湿法磨粉工艺,玉米和磨粉产品的化学成分,以及磨粉产品的利用,可为中国发展现代玉米工业借鉴。     

黄干粉发酵生产酱油的试验报告

黄干粉是玉米淀粉厂玉米提取淀粉后的下脚料,含粗蛋白30%左右.利用黄干粉作原料,在PH6.0条件下用沪酿3.042米曲霉制曲,发酵生产酱油获得成功,对产品进行的理化指标检验结果表明,酱油达到部颁三级标准.     

长期地膜覆盖与施肥对土壤磷素和玉米吸磷量的影响

利用比较法对长期连续覆膜(17年)后土壤磷素的变化以及玉米吸收量的变化进行了研究。结果表明:经过17年的耕作,无论是施有机肥还是磷肥均能显著增加土壤中速效磷以及全磷的含量;覆膜栽培与裸地栽培比较结果,覆膜对于土壤中速效磷以及全磷含量的变化影响不大;对植株的籽粒、轴、叶片、茎的全磷进行了测定后显示:覆膜可以促进籽粒、轴、茎对磷的吸收,抑制了叶片对磷养分的吸收;从成熟期地上部分累积磷的总量来看,覆膜可以明显提高作物对磷的吸收。     

夏季最大负荷发生时间的预测

夏季最大负荷发生时间的预测是电力部门十分关注的问题,它关系到该地区的负荷调整方案以及购电计划制定。北京近年来夏季用电需求增长尤为突出。准确地估计夏季最大负荷发生时间,十分必要且迫切。为此,收集了北京市1990~2002年的夏季最大负荷发生时间数据,发现它是一个波动的、含有灰信息量的序列,故采用灰色系统理论进行预测建模分析。但常规的GM(1,1)模型在适应波动的数据方面,预测精度未能达到要求,故采用GM(1,1)残差周期修正预测模型来解决。经过计算发现,该模型不仅可以提高原始数据的拟合精度,而且用于预测时,与2003年夏季最大负荷发生时间的实际值进行比较,预测偏差也在允许的范围内。     

地源水——水热泵冬夏暖冷联供实验研究

介绍了地热源水－水热泵全年冬夏暖冷联供的实验结果，分析了系统流量对热泵性能参数的影响，获得了最佳运行流量为1000L／h。并实测得到单位管深换热率及埋管的有关性能指标。对比分析了冬季吸热曲线和夏季放热曲线。