Optimized extraction of polysaccharides from corn silk by pulsed electric field and response surface quadratic design

BACKGROUND: Corn silk is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which has been widely used for treatment of some diseases. In this study the effects of pulsed electric field on the extraction of polysaccharides from corn silk were investigated. RESULTS: Polysaccharides in corn silk were extracted by pulsed electric field and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM), based on a Box–Behnken design (BBD). Three independent variables, including electric field intensity (kV cm^?1), ratio of liquid to raw material and pulse duration (µs), were investigated. The experimental data were fitted to a second‐order polynomial equation and also profiled into the corresponding 3‐D contour plots. Optimal extraction conditions were as follows: electric field intensity 30 kV cm^?1, ratio of liquid to raw material 50, and pulse duration 6 µs. Under these condition, the experimental yield of extracted polysaccharides was 7.31% ± 0.15%, matching well with the predicted value. CONCLUSION: The results showed that a pulsed electric field could be applied to extract value‐added products from foods and/or agricultural matrix. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

玉米胚芽水酶法提油及蛋白质的回收

采用水酶法从玉米胚芽中提取玉米胚油的同时回收蛋白质,对热处理工艺进一步优化,同时对酶配方进行了研究.结果表明:经过反复解冻冻结的原料浸泡于0.05mol/L的柠檬酸溶液中,112℃处理65min,在酶最适条件下依次加入酸性蛋白酶和纤维素酶,添加质量分数分别为2.5%,1.5%,提油率达到91.0%.纳滤、浓缩、喷雾干燥得到低脂蛋白质和碳水化合物.     

A comparison of processed conventional corn silage to unprocessed and processed brown midrib corn silage on intake, digestion, and milk production by dairy cows

We studied the effects of mechanical processing and type of hybrid on the nutritive value of corn silage for lactating cows. Treatments were brown midrib (BMR) corn silage that was unprocessed (U-BMR), BMR corn silage that was processed (P-BMR), and a conventional corn silage that was processed (P-7511). All silages were harvested at a theoretical chop length of 19 mm. The chemical compositions of the silages were similar among treatments except that BMR silages were lower in lignin and higher in protein than P-7511. Brown midrib silages had greater 30-h in situ and in vitro NDF digestion than did P-7511, and processing had no effect on 30-h in situ and in vitro fiber digestion, but it increased in situ starch digestion after 3 and 12 h of incubation. Both processed silages had a smaller proportion of particles >1.91 cm and fewer whole corn kernels compared with unprocessed silage. Lactating cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) consisting of 42% of each silage type, 40% concentrate, 10% alfalfa silage, and 8% alfalfa hay (DM basis). Cows fed TMR containing P-BMR ate more DM and produced more milk than cows fed P-7511. At feeding, the TMR containing U-BMR had a larger proportion of particles >1.91 cm when compared with the TMR of cows fed processed silages, and after 24 h the difference was even greater, indicating that cows fed unprocessed corn silage sorted more. Cows fed TMR with P-7511 and P-BMR had greater total tract digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, and starch compared with cows fed U-BMR. In vivo digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was greatest for cows fed P-BMR when compared with the other treatments.     

部分糊化玉米淀粉浆液的性能

以玉米淀粉为原料,采用蒸汽升温法制备部分糊化淀粉浆液。运用光学显微镜、粒度分析仪、差示热分析仪、X射线衍射仪等对原淀粉和用蒸汽升温法于不同温度下制备的部分糊化淀粉浆液的形态结构、颗粒大小、膨胀势、糊化度、结晶度等进行了测试和比较。结果表明:随着制备温度的提高,部分糊化淀粉浆液的偏光十字逐渐消失,结晶度下降,而糊化度、粒径、膨胀势逐渐增大;64℃时制备的稳定性较好的部分糊化淀粉浆液的大部分偏光十字消失,但仍有结晶峰存在,糊化度为72.22%。     

夏热冬冷地区开敞阳台季热环境实测分析

通过实验，分析夏热冬冷地区现有普通开敞式阳台的夏季热环境及其对相邻外墙的热作用，提出这一地区的阳台夏季应采取遮阳措施。     

房间空调器的节能技术

就夏热冬冷地区使用普遍的房间空调器提出了一些实用的节能技术。从房间空调器的组成部件出发,分别介绍了不同的节能技术。     

玉米乙二醇合成PET的研究

以玉米为原材料生产的乙二醇合成PET并进行固相缩聚,对其生产过程及其结果进行分析和讨论。     

INTERMITTENT THIN LAYER CORN DRYING

ABSTRACT

In this study a block oriented modelling technique was introduced in order to simulate the intermittent drying technology process. First, the relevant blocks of the parameters concerning to drying air and the properties of material to be dried were developed. These blocks were then used to set up the full modell of a fix bed dryer including the temperature and moisture distribution of drying air and The material along the depth of the dryer. The simulation results were compared to Bakker-Arkema model with a good agreement. Finally, several measurements were performed for the case of thin layer of com to prove the advantage of the intermittent drying technology. It has been founded that in both energy saving and quality of dried product the intermittent technology has a significant contribution.     

甜荞与主粮作物蛋白营养功能特性比较研究

本实验采用碱溶酸沉法提取甜荞、小麦、玉米和水稻4种作物的籽粒蛋白质，并对其蛋白及氨基酸含量、蛋白颗粒形态、溶解性、泡沫特性、乳化特性、持水性、持油性、热特性等营养特性和功能特性进行对比研究。结果表明，4种作物籽粒蛋白的营养特性及理化性质存在一定差异。甜荞和小麦蛋白微观结构较为相似，均呈现疏松多孔，且表面有尖锐状突起，而玉米和水稻蛋白结构紧致，局部有小孔。甜荞清蛋白和球蛋白质量分数为21.81%和19.07%,高于小麦、玉米、水稻；而醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量与比值显著低于主粮作物。甜荞蛋白质中8种必需氨基酸评分最好，蛋白溶解性、持水性、起泡能力分别为31.32%、5.075 g/g、36.73%,显著高于其他3种主粮作物。4种作物蛋白变性温度都达到了80℃以上，热稳定性良好，甜荞蛋白变性温度为86.1℃,显著高于小麦和玉米。甜荞蛋白质比3种主粮作物蛋白具有更好的营养价值以及食品加工特性。     

酒精工厂改良湿法与半干法玉米处理工艺的对比

介绍了酒精生产过程中几种玉米处理工艺,重点从工艺、设备、公用工程消耗、提胚效率和经济效益等方面对改良湿法和半干法进行了对比,得出改良湿法是综合效益最优的玉米处理方法。