试论被动式太阳房的发展

叙述了太阳房建筑在我国的发展概况;阐述了现有太阳房建筑存在的缺陷并提出其将来的发展前景。     

Prediction of global solar radiation from bright sunshine hours and other meteorological data

Three existing empirical relations which predict global radiation from bright sunshine hours and meteorological parameters, were tried for 14 Indian stations where all relevant data was available. A large amount of error (±50%) was found. So a new empirical relation was established between global radiation and meteorological parameters. The new relation predicted the insolation within a ±10% error limit in most cases. Global radiation dependence on ambient temperature and relative humidity was introduced through atmosperic water content per unit volume. The relation is WAT = RH(4.7923+0.3647×T+0.0055×T²+0.0003×T³)G = G_ext(0.414+0.400×SS-0.0055×WAT)$\text{SS}\text{= S}\text{Z}\text{?}$     

暗筒式日照计的日照观测解析

日照对人类的生产、生活影响较大,日照时间的长短决定了对太阳能的利用程度,也对当地的气候资源具有较高的分析利用价值,因此对日照观测数据的质量要求更高。本文针对日照计在安装及调整、涂药方法、效果检验及仪器维护等方面的问题进行解析,从而为提高日照观测数据质量提供参考。     

石家庄地区日照时数的时空变化特征分析

利用石家庄地区16个地面气象观测站的1955～2010年日照时数资料,采用相关系数法、线性倾向估计法、墨西哥帽小波分析、Mann-Kendall检验等方法对石家庄地区5个代表站日照时数变化特征进行了分析。结果表明：山区和丘陵地带的日照时数低于东部平原;全区日照时数均表现出明显减少的趋势,但山区及丘陵地带的日照时数下降速率大于东部平原;西南部山区和市区日照时数发生了突变,突变时间均发生在上世纪80年代中期。连阴雨和雾的天气系统的维持,空气中气溶胶颗粒的“阳伞效应”以及台站周围障碍物高度角的增加均促使了日照时数的减少。     

THE APPLICABILITY OF SEVERAL DIFFUSE SOLAR RADIATION MODELS TO THE CYPRIOTE ENVIRONMENT

Solar radiation measurements at one location in Cyprus are used to test the applicability of several theoretical and empirical models which compute diffuse radiation on a horizontal surface. Two types of correlation tests were used [1]: the first correlates the ratio of diffuse-to-global solar radiation with the “clearness index” K_T; and the second correlates the ratio of diffuse-to-global solar radiation with the fractional sunshine.

Therefore, the selected models for discussion are compared and tested for their applicability to one location in die eastern Mediterranean basin in general, on the basis of statistical error tests. A comparative study of the models shows that Page's model [3], based on the first type of correlations and Hay's one [13] based on the second type of correlations, are equally accurate for the greater Cypriote environment. Finally, two statistical equations are proposed for estimating diffuse radiation for solar energy applications in the greater environment of Cyprus.     

Novel approach in developing hourly global solar radiation model based on peak sunshine hours

The present study explores a novel approach to derive the hourly global solar radiation (HGSR) for any given latitude based on the peak sunshine hours (PSHs). The proposed analytical model describes a relationship between the HGSR and the day length and the PSHs. The applicability of this model is evaluated by comparing the actual and derived values of HGSR for two cities Chennai (13°04′N, 80°17′E) and New Delhi (29°06′N, 77°22′E). To judge the goodness of the proposed model a set of error metrics has been developed by evaluating the variation of actual HGSR from the simulated value for a given day over 12 months. The overall average mean bias error for one year is 1.015% and 1.08% for Chennai and New Delhi, respectively. The agreement between the actual and the simulated values is generally good, with an appreciable correlation of 95%. In particular, unlike the other models this approach requires only two inputs which are easily available for any location. The proposed technique is useful for any solar application designer for deriving the hourly solar radiation values for a given day of any location with less available climate data.     

Comparisons of the hourly and daily global irradiances of Turkey on non-horizontal surfaces

Global irradiances incident on a horizontal surface are estimated from the bright sunshine hour measurements over Turkey. Global radiation and its components on daily and hourly bases are computed for the surfaces with any inclination and orientation. Some demonstration results are presented for the six climatologically different regions. Numerous hourly and daily computer output tables of global direct and diffuse radiations are obtained for 50 locations, which have been used to prepare a solar radiation handbook of Turkey.     

实现民间金融阳光化和规范化的策略研究

民间金融是国民经济的重要组成部分,和社会的繁荣稳定密切相关。然而随着民间金融的不断发展,背离法制与监管的各种问题相继出现,给民间金融的健康发展带来了严重阻碍。实现民间金融阳光化和规范化具有重要意义,文章探讨了实现民间金融阳光化和规范化的策略,主要包括立法规范民间金融环境,完善民间金融监管机制,健全民间金融组织体系,建立民间金融信用制度等,以期为业内人士提供参考。     

光热型电测日照计测量仿真研究

日照时数对天气监测、农业生产、能源开发等有重要作用,是地面气象观测的基本内容之一。基于热电偶测温原理,设计了一种光热型电测日照计。利用金属丝的辐射升温和热传导的基本理论,建立热电偶冷热端的温差和直接太阳辐照度的响应关系,并研究了热电偶金属丝粗细、长短比例、比热、导热系数对测量响应的影响,仿真了直接太阳辐照度恒定不变时的响应关系和太阳间断性直射的响应关系,并进行了对比试验。结果显示：金属丝粗细、长短比例、比热、导热系数均是该日照计的关键影响参数;直接太阳辐照度与热电偶冷热端温差呈良好的线性关系;光热型电测日照计的测量响应时间小于15 s,满足WMO要求。