高吸水聚合物材料在防沙治沙中的应用

介绍了高吸水聚合物的发展状况、吸水机理和性能特征，总结了合成高吸水聚合物及半合成高吸水聚合物的技术条件及若干种制备方法，并提出利用低成本植物纤维素（取自植物落叶、农作物茎杆等）、淀粉等天然原材料来制备高吸水性聚合物；探讨了以高技术、低成本、大面积可实施及效果显著为技术优势，利用高吸水聚合物进行荒漠和沙漠治理的方法和发展方向。     

稻草净防除稻田杂草试验

稻草净亩用５０￣１００克对稻田眼子菜、鸭舌草、甲叶薄等阔叶杂草有很好的防效，并用明显的增产作用。大田移载后１５天一次施药可以控制水稻田整个生育期的阔叶杂草。     

高吸水性树脂的性能及应用

综述了高吸水性树脂的性能及其应用，并预测其广阔的开发前景。     

抛秧稻田杂草发生与化除技术研究初报

抛秧田杂草不但种类多，危害重，而且化除难度大，技术要求高，据１９９３－１９９５年的试验、示范结果证明，一般草害田，掌握在抛栽后１０－１５天，每公顷用５０％二氯喹啉酸３７５－４５０克加１０％苄嘧黄隆１５０－２２５克，采用喷雾或毒土法防治一次，对稗草和多种阔叶草的防效一般可稳定在９０－９３％左右，并且可使亩产增加２成左右，但多草田和漏水田，则应通过二次用药或提高药剂用量的方法加以解决。     

Scientific basis for establishing country greenhouse gas estimates for rice-based agriculture: An Indian case study

A comprehensive scientific assessment of CH₄ budget estimation for Indian rice paddies, based on a decade of measurements in India, is presented. Indian paddy cultivation areas contain soils that have low to medium levels of soil organic carbon. The average seasonally integrated CH₄ flux (E _sif) values calculated from these measurements were 15.3 ± 2.6 g m^–2 for continuously flooded (CF), 6.9 ± 4.3 g m^–2 for intermittently flooded (IF) single aeration (SA) and 2.2 ± 1.5 g m^–2 for IF multiple aeration (MA) rice ecosystems. For CF and IF (MA) rice ecosystems having high soil organic carbon, without organic amendments, the CH₄ flux (E _sif) may be increased by 1.7 times relative to low soil organic carbon, whereas it may enhance by 5.3 for CF if amended organically. Organic amendment and high soil organic carbon paddy areas do not alter the methane budget estimates for India (3.6±1.4 TgY^–1) much, due to their small paddy harvested area. Methane estimated using average emission factors (E _sif) for all paddy water regimes, which include harvested areas having soils with high organic carbon and organic amendments, may give a budget of 5 TgY^–1 for India.     

包结拆分在手性药物分离中的机理与应用

对外消旋体药物进行分离拆分是获取手性药物的重要方法。探讨了环糊精体系包结拆分法的机理，并对运用其机理于手性药物分离中的应用作了探讨。     

固体硫在超临界/近临界酸性流体中的溶解度(Ⅰ)实验研究

建立了1套静态法测定难挥发物质(固体或液体)在超临界/近临界流体中溶解度的实验装置,并测定了固体硫在近临界硫化氢、超临界CO_2、CH_4及富硫化氢酸性气体混合物中的溶解度数据,取得了较好的结果.     

氰烯菌酯(JS399-19)防治水稻恶苗病的研究

氰烯菌酯(JS399-19)是一种结构新颖、作用方式独特的高效杀菌剂。离体抑菌活性测定表明,JS399-19对水稻恶苗病多菌灵敏感菌株和抗性菌株均有相似活性,EC50为0.1612～0.3136μg/mL,EC95为1.5387～6.0455μg/mL;持效性测定表明,JS399-19在10d内对恶苗病菌的抑菌率是稳定的,抑菌率为77.9%～81.4%;种子安全性试验表明,以25%JS399-19SC1:1000倍浸种处理对水稻种子的发芽势有一定的影响,但不影响发芽率、出苗率及成苗率,1:2000、1:3000、1:4000倍浸种处理时水稻种子的发芽势、发芽率、出苗率成苗率等均与空白对照无明显差异;温室小区筛选试验表明,当25%JS399-19SC1:500、1:1000、1:2000、1:3000浸种处理时30d防效均为100%,1:4000倍时防效大于92%;初步应用技术研究表明,JS399-19防治水稻恶苗病,浸种处理剂量为1:3000～4000倍,当浸种温度为15～20℃时,浸种时间以48～72h为宜。本研究为氰烯菌酯防治水稻恶苗病的应用开发提供了依据。     

复合固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2催化合成三醋酸甘油酯

采用复合固体超强酸SO₄^2-/ZrO₂-TiO₂为催化剂，甘油和冰醋酸为原料，结合醋酸精馏回流工艺，合成了三醋酸甘油酯（TCG）。通过对合成工艺改进，免除了有毒带水剂的使用。使TCG合成更安全，更经济和环保。催化剂制备和TCG合成最佳工艺条件为：硫酸浸渍液浓度（0.5～0.55） mol·L^－1，焙烧温度（550～600） ℃，催化剂用量（占总投料量质量分数）2.5％～3.0%。投料比n（甘油）∶n（醋酸）=1∶ 5.5，反应温度130 ℃，反应时间3.0 h，产品收率达92.6%，催化剂可重复使用6次，易于再生。     

Oxidative stability of high-fatty acid rice bran oil at different stages of refining

The contents of natural antioxidants and the oxidative stability of rice bran oils at different refining steps were determined. Tocopherols and oryzanols were constant in crude and degummed oils but decreased in alkali-refined, bleached and deodorized oils. The process of degumming, alkali-refining, bleaching and deodorization removed 34% of the tocopherols and 51% of the oryzanols. During storage of deodorized oil for 7 wk, 34% of the tocopherols and 19% of the oryzanols were lost. The maximum weight gain, peroxide value and anisidine value were obtained from alkali-refined oil during storage. The order of oxidation stability was crude ≥ degummed > bleached = deodorized > alkali-refined oil.