基于Python 视觉识别的双模双动力水面垃圾清理船

为解决目前市面上2 种最为常见的水面垃圾清理装置存在的不足,设计一种基于Python 视觉识别的双模 双动力水面垃圾清理船。对其机械结构、双动力装置、视觉识别模块等进行详细说明,并针对实际工作环境对机器 人进行多次测试和改进。结果表明：该设计能便捷高效地清理小型水域水面漂浮物问题,完全符合目标要求。     

Modeling Diffusion in Functional Materials: From Density Functional Theory to Artificial Intelligence

Diffusion describes the stochastic motion of particles and is often a key factor in determining the functionality of materials. Modeling diffusion of atoms can be very challenging for heterogeneous systems with high energy barriers. In this report, popular computational methodologies are covered to study diffusion mechanisms that are widely used in the community and both their strengths and weaknesses are presented. In static approaches, such as electronic structure theory, diffusion mechanisms are usually analyzed within the nudged elastic band (NEB) framework on the ground electronic surface usually obtained from a density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Another common approach to study diffusion mechanisms is based on molecular dynamics (MD) where the equations of motion are solved for every time step for all the atoms in the system. Unfortunately, both the static and dynamic approaches have inherent limitations that restrict the classes of diffusive systems that can be efficiently treated. Such limitations could be remedied by exploiting recent advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques. Here, the most promising approaches in this emerging field for modeling diffusion are reported. It is believed that these knowledge‐intensive methods have a bright future ahead for the study of diffusion mechanisms in advanced functional materials.     

20.1%‐efficient crystalline silicon solar cell with amorphous silicon rear‐surface passivation

We have developed a crystalline silicon solar cell with amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) rear‐surface passivation based on a simple process. The a‐Si:H layer is deposited at 225°C by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition. An aluminum grid is evaporated onto the a‐Si:H‐passivated rear. The base contacts are formed by COSIMA (contact formation to a‐Si:H passivated wafers by means of annealing) when subsequently depositing the front silicon nitride layer at 325°C. The a‐Si:H underneath the aluminum fingers dissolves completely within the aluminum and an ohmic contact to the base is formed. This contacting scheme results in a very low contact resistance of 3.5 ±0.2 mΩ cm² on low‐resistivity (0.5 Ω cm) p‐type silicon, which is below that obtained for conventional Al/Si contacts. We achieve an independently confirmed energy conversion efficiency of 20.1% under one‐sun standard testing conditions for a 4 cm² large cell. Measurements of the internal quantum efficiency show an improved rear surface passivation compared with reference cells with a silicon nitride rear passivation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

AlGaN/GaN HFET的优化设计

从自洽求解薛定谔方程和泊松方程出发研究了不同掺杂方式下异质结能带和二维电子气的行为。发现掺杂能剪裁异质结能带的弯曲度、控制电子气的二维特性和浓度。在此基础上研究了不同掺杂方式的掺杂效率。通过掺杂和势垒结构的优化设计,得出了用δ掺杂加薄AlN隔离层的结构,既提高了电子气浓度,又保持电子气的强二维特性。从电子气浓度和栅对电子气的控制力度出发,提出了HFET势垒优化设计中的电子气浓度与势垒层厚度乘积规则。依据二维表面态理论,研究了表面态随帽层掺杂结构的变化。从前述乘积规则和表面态变化出发进行了内、外沟道异质结构的优化设计。优化结构既提高了电子气浓度和跨导,降低了欧姆接触电阻,又抑制了电流崩塌。     

熔石英亚表面微缺陷原位表征及损伤阈值研究

通过对熔石英表面和亚表面划痕的原位测量,研究划痕的表面均方根(RMS)粗糙度、宽度和深度在HF溶液中刻蚀不同时间后的变化规律,测试了不同刻蚀时间下熔石英的损伤阈值。实验结果表明:随刻蚀时间的增加,表面RMS、划痕深度及宽度的总体变化趋势是增加的;熔石英的损伤阈值随刻蚀时间的增加,在1～10min时间段呈增加趋势,在20～40 min时间段呈下降趋势,而在60～120 min时间段先增加后降低。综合熔石英划痕的微观形貌损伤阈值的测量结果认为,刻蚀10 min时效果最佳。     

工艺参数对磁力搅拌-化学沉积Ni-P-SiC镀层的影响

用磁力搅拌-化学沉积的方法,在45钢表面沉积Ni-P-SiC镀层。研究了SiC微粒添加量、搅拌速率以及镀液温度等对镀层硬度和表面形貌的影响,借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对镀层进行观察。结果表明:当SiC的质量浓度为10 g/L时,镀层显微硬度最大(615.2HV);当磁力搅拌速率为300 r/min时,镀层的显微硬度最大(632.8HV)。磁力搅拌-化学沉积Ni-P-SiC镀层的最佳工艺参数为:SiC添加的质量浓度10 g/L,搅拌速率300 r/min,温度85℃。     

高频辐射噪声近程传播特性研究

针对近程反鱼雷武器系统建设问题,研究了鱼雷高频辐射噪声的近场传播特性。采用小斜率近似（SSA）方法研究了粗糙海面的声散射特性,给出了具有高斯分布粗糙海面的2阶～4阶SSA双站散射系数计算公式,讨论了2阶SSA双站散射系数随海面粗糙度及入射角度不同的变化规律。并利用SSA双站散射系数计算了水下高频辐射噪声散射声场。仿真结果表明,粗糙海面的散射效应对高频辐射噪声传播产生较大影响,在研究声源/接收器位于近海面的高频辐射噪声传播特性时,应充分考虑海面的散射效应。本文的研究为分析浅海目标声散射特性时,是否需要考虑海面（海底）所引起的多途效应提供了理论依据。     

基于CSD/CFD舵面气动力流固耦合仿真分析

空空导弹空气舵面与气动力存在流固耦合作用。采用ANSYS Workbench 14.5对空气舵面与气动力进行了流固耦合仿真分析,研究了攻角和马赫数对舵面振动位移的影响。研究表明,舵面振动位移频率受攻角和马赫数的影响较小,舵面振动位移幅值随攻角和马赫数的增大而增大,并呈非线性关系。低马赫数范围内,飞行速度的变化对舵面振动位移的影响更为明显。攻角为30°,马赫数为3时,舵面振动位移曲线更趋向于等幅振动,舵面趋向于颤振临界状态。     

Significantly Enhanced Photoluminescence of Doped Polymer‐Metal Hybrid Nanotubes

We report on the significantly enhanced photoluminescence (PL) of hybrid double‐layered nanotubes (HDLNTs) consisting of poly(3‐methylthiophene) (P3MT) nanotubes with various doping levels enveloped by an inorganic, nickel (Ni) metal nanotube. From laser confocal microscopy PL experiments on a single strand of the doped‐P3MT nanotubes and of their HDLNTs, the PL peak intensity of the HDLNT systems increased remarkably up to ～350 times as the doping level of the P3MT nanotubes of the HDLNTs increased, which was confirmed by measurements of the quantum yield. In a comparison of the normalized ultraviolet and visible absorption spectra of the doped‐P3MT nanotubes and their HDLNTs, new absorption peaks corresponding to surface‐plasmon (SP) energy were created at 563 and 615 nm after the nanoscale Ni metal coating onto the P3MT nanotubes, and their intensity increased on increasing the doping level of the P3MT nanotube. The doping‐induced bipolaron peaks of the HDLNTs of doped‐P3MT/Ni were relatively reduced, compared with those of the doped‐P3MT nanotubes before the Ni coating, due to the charge‐transfer effect in the SP‐resonance (SPR) coupling. Both energy‐transfer and charge‐transfer effects due to SP resonance contributed to the very‐large enhancement of the PL efficiency of the doped‐P3MT‐based HDLNTs.     

暴雨天气情况下变换车道的预警算法

根据南方特殊气候,以及当前多数车辆的预警系统因基于车辆参数而误报率增加的情况,建立了一种具有驾驶员生物特性以及车辆未来轨迹预测的预警算法;在暴雨情况下,驾驶员的前方,侧方视线会受到不同程度的限制,后视镜功能因结雾而基本丧失,加上路面因积水而导致阻力减少,驾驶员因对于车辆的控制程度降低而出现车辆偏离正常行驶轨迹而变换车道的情况;而传统的预警系统因雨天因素误报率也会大大增加;针对上述问题,提出一种基于未来轨迹预测以及驾驶员意图判断的变换车道预警算法.