国家岩矿化石标本资源共享平台的构建

标准化、规范化地整合我国分散在地学领域高校、科研院所、博物馆保存的岩矿化石标本资源,推动标本资源的合理保护、科学管理和高效共享已成为现今和未来的必然趋势。本文叙述了岩矿化石标本资源共享平台构建体系的重要环节主要由标本资源描述标准和整理规范体系、数据库结构、共享网络平台架构、组织机构与建设步骤等方面组成。通过平台构建实践,完成构建了一定规模的,由实物层、标准规范层、数据层、业务层和用户层组成的国家岩矿化石标本资源共享平台,为我国岩矿化石标本资源数字化建设和共享提供指导和示范。     

机翼摇晃模型综述

对30多年来在机翼摇晃模型方面的研究成果进行了综述,仿真、解析归纳了目前机翼摇晃研究在理论建模方面存在的问题,并对今后的发展方向提出了看法。     

新型便携式岩体声发射监测仪

论述了岩体声发射监测原理,介绍了专门开发的新型便携式岩体声发射监测仪的结构及特点,对其技术难点提出了解决途径。     

大规模引水隧洞群施工方案三维有限元分析

应用奥地利大型岩土工程数值仿真分析软件FINAL[1],对马来西亚BAKUN水电站8条引水隧洞的三种开挖顺序进行了模拟施工过程的三维有限元仿真分析。通过分析,评价了引水隧洞施工期围岩稳定性与支护结构安全性,评价了锚喷结构的支护效果,最终得到了三种方案中最优的开挖顺序,对于类似工程的设计具有指导与借鉴意义。     

斜坡非饱和带低渗透岩石中水气分子的扩散机理

根据分子运动论,对水气分子在低渗透岩石中的扩散模式进行研究,得出水气分子中的主要气体H2O、CO2以及O2在新鲜二长岩和玄武岩中的扩散为过渡型扩散.通过计算得到三者的有效扩散系数.以微砂质细粒长石石英砂岩为研究对象,在电子显微镜下获得砂岩的铸体薄片图像,并对其进行处理,建立砂岩的二维孔隙扩散模型,模拟岩石风化过程中水气分子在砂岩孔隙内的扩散过程,得到砂岩模型内部的速度分布图、压力分布图和雷诺数图.结果表明,天然状态下,水气分子的流动主要出现在胶结物受腐蚀的风化区域.胶结物溶蚀产生的贯通孔隙是水气分子的主要扩散通道和贮存场所.水气分子在砂岩内部孔隙中的流动符合流体流动的基本规律,雷诺数的量级为10-3,流动状态为层流.同时对风化岩石的剖面进行分带,分析了水气分子扩散对岩石风化产生的影响.     

采矿废石—尾砂混合骨料在下向分层进路胶结充填采矿中应用的试验研究

为了降低金川矿山充填采矿成本,针对下向分层进路胶结充填采矿法,开展了废石—尾砂混合骨料现场工业充填试验.对废石和尾砂进行了粒度分析与级配研究,选取合适的废石—尾砂配比混合骨料开展现场工业充填试验研究.结果表明:-16 mm废石粗骨料和选矿尾砂细骨料的配比在5:5～7:3范围内,此时混合骨料的堆积密实度达到或接近于最大;...     

Numerical investigation of fracture behavior of tunnel by excavation loading

A rock failure process analysis model, RFPA2D code, a two-dimensional numerical code, were proposed. The code not only satisfied the global equilibrium, strain consistent and nonlinear constitutive relationship of rock and soil materials but also took into account the heterogeneous characteristics of rock materials at macroscopic and microscopically level. The failure behavior of tunnel could be simulated by this numerical model. The model could realistically simulate the fracture behavior of tunnel by excavation loading, strength limits, and post peak response for both tension and compression. As the proposed method was used to conduct the stability analysis of tunnel, the safety factor of tunnel was defined as the ratio of actual shear strength parameter to critical failure shear strength parameter. Not only the safety factor of tunnel with specific physics meaning can be obtained, but also the overall failure process and the location of failure surface may also be determined at the same time.     

Study on rock burst of fully mechanized sublevel caving mining in deep mine

The theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field observation were used to study distribution characters of abutment pressure of fully mechanized sublevel caving face in deep mine, fully mechanized sublevel caving and pressure relief in entries along goaf to the influence of rock burst. The results show that： （1） With the increasing of mining depth, the abutment pressure zone is larger, its peak point is transferred to the front of face, the danger area occurring rock burst in the two fully mechanized sublevel caving entries is larger, and its position is far from the face; （2） There is larger failure area in the upper coal in front of the fully mechanized caving face, and strata possibly occurring rock burst transferred to the upwards or far from faces because of the main roof＇s buffer effect to the dynamic pressure burst, then possibility and strength reduced; （3） The position occurring rock burst is stress concentration zones （abutment pressure along the goaf and residual tectonic stress） and zones with geological structure; （4） Strenuous activities of roof is the inducing factor occurring rock burst.     

Breakability analysis of the elastic rock beam based on the winkler model

Based on the Winkler model, a mechanic model was established with formulas derived concerned with the deformations before and after a roof breakage at places in front of and at the back of the working face. In accordance with the theory for rock beam breakage, the beam breaking position in front of the working face is specified. In addition, the formulas were developed for the velocity of the subsidence at observatory point A in front of the working face when the coal wall serves as the coordinate center and the advance distance at time t as the dynamic coordinate. In the application of the above-mentioned achievements to the practice of Xieqiao Mine and the mines of the Eastern Panji Company of Huainan Mining（Group） Co. Ltd., the results concerned with the velocity with which the roof stratum tends to subside before and after breakage as derived from the mechanic model are well compatible to the results based on in-situ observations and measurements.     

我国煤巷锚杆支护技术的新发展

系统介绍了锚杆支护技术的最新研究成果.在支护理论方面,认为锚杆支护的主要作用在于控制锚固区围岩的离层、滑动、张开裂隙等扩容变形与破坏,最大限度地保持围岩完整性,避免有害变形出现;围岩地质力学测试仪器包括小孔径水压致裂地应力测量装置、围岩强度原位测量装置及钻孔窥视仪的技术特征与使用方法.论述了锚杆支护动态信息设计方法的特点与设计步骤,及面向现场工程技术人员使用的支护设计软件的组成与功能;分析了高强度锚杆支护材料的力学性能;介绍了国内锚杆施工机具的发展现状.