夏季竹类植物冠层结构对其土壤温度的 调节作用

植被是影响城市环境中土壤温度降低的主要因素之一,研究植物群落冠层结构与土壤温度变化特征的关系对探索城市风景园林小气候营造、减少城市绿地碳排放和缓解热岛效应具有积极作用。以杭州9种常见竹类植物作为研究对象,分析了不同竹类植物群落土壤温度的日变化特征,调查了竹类植物群落结构特征对土壤温度的影响。结果显示,不同竹类植物群落与对照点相比,其空气温度与土壤温度均存在显著差异。与对照点相比,竹类植物群落日均气温降低1.5～2.6℃,5cm深度土壤温度降低3.0～3.8℃,10cm深度土壤温度降低2.4～3.4℃,20cm深度土壤温度降低2.3～3.0℃。通过对土壤温度与冠层结构特征指标的相关分析发现,冠层结构特征对土壤温度变化具有重要的影响。增加叶面积指数和冠层盖度可以显著降低土壤温度,而增加天空可视因子可以显著增加土壤温度。研究结果可以为风景园林规划设计中选择合适的竹类植物提供参考,进而有助于改善城市环境,实现城市可持续发展。     

分体顶梁组合悬移液压支架在新铁煤矿的应用

新铁煤矿46031采煤队在开采三采区98#左六片中,应用分体顶梁组合悬移液压支架实现托伪开采,降低了作业人员的劳动强度,提高了劳动效率;为充分发挥中厚煤层在矿井生产中高产高效主力煤层的作用,为提高矿井单产提供了装备保障。     

High resolution thermo-radiative modeling of an urban fragment in Marseilles city center during the UBL-ESCOMPTE campaign

The thermodynamic exchanges of the old city center of Marseilles during a summer period are analyzed with the SOLENE thermo-radiative model, using measurements of the UBL-ESCOMPTE experimental campaign in June–July 2001. The selected scene is an actual fragment of the urban canopy composed of 4 streets at right angles, with various 19th century houses and yards. The SOLENE software’s ability to simulate the heat and radiation exchanges of this urban district with the atmosphere is first evaluated by comparing simulation outputs with surface temperatures of individual roof and façade elements measured by infrared radiation thermometers and with integrated fluxes measured on top of a neighboring meteorological mast. This model assessment is reinforced by a sensitivity study to the interior building temperature, a variable of possible influence which is usually not measured in studies at the scale of an urban fragment or district. The flux sensor position influence on the comparison is also studied by introducing a virtual sensor in the simulated scene. The software is further used to analyze the behavior of individual surface elements of the scene with various orientations during a typical summer diurnal cycle. The contributions of the different surface classes (roofs, façades, streets, yards) to the upward radiation and heat fluxes to the atmosphere are then detailed for several canopy morphologies (H/W).     

南水北调调蓄湖泊水质参数遥感反演及其影响因素

基于Landsat与HJ1A/1B多源遥感数据、实测水质数据、光谱数据，利用悬浮颗粒物(SPM)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)质量浓度与水体光学特性之间的关系构建反演模型，模拟SPM、Chl-a质量浓度的时空演变规律及其影响因素。结果表明:1985—2015年，随着南水北调工程的实施，东平湖春季SPM与Chl-a质量浓度变化呈现3个阶段显著变化的特点，且SPM与Chl-a质量浓度总体上呈现负相关趋势，SPM质量浓度较高区域的负相关趋势尤为显著，相关系数最高达-0.86；调水过程中，径流导致的底质再悬浮使得SPM质量浓度增高，而调水注入的稀释作用使得Chl-a质量浓度降低；第一、二阶段SPM与Chl-a质量浓度分布规律主要受大汶河流域污染、围网养殖等综合因素影响，第三阶段主要受水体流速、流向等调水期水动力因素影响。     

Partial nitrification of sludge reject water using suspended and granular biomass

BACKGROUND: Partial nitrification–Anammox is a combined promising advanced biological process for the removal of nitrogen from wastewater, which allows important savings in energy consumption, sludge production, and organic carbon. Granular biomass appears to be an interesting alternative to conventional activated sludge, mainly because of its better settling properties. This study deals with the experimental results of a comparison between a conventional and a granular sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for the partial nitrification of reject water. RESULTS: After some days of operation, 30 days in the conventional SBR (system A) and 100 days in the granular SBR (system B), partial nitrification was achieved. Granular sludge showed much better settling properties than suspended biomass, with values of sludge volumetric index (SVI₁₀) of 130 mL g^?1 in system A and 38 mL g^?1 in system B. Consequently, the solids concentration within the granular reactor was three times higher than for the conventional system while the concentration of solids in the effluent was 10 times higher in the conventional SBR. Morphology, microstructure and microbial populations in both systems were also studied. CONCLUSION: A partial nitrification process was successfully achieved in both systems, obtaining an effluent with a NO₂^?‐N/NH₄⁺‐N ratio near 1, suitable for a following Anammox process. Granular biomass, mostly formed by round particles, showed better settling properties, leading to better sludge–effluent separation as well as higher biomass retention in the reactor. The granulation process does not affect bacterial populations, since they were the same in both systems. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

微量样本中悬浮颗粒浓度的光纤检测装置研究

根据光的散射和透射理论,设计了一种用光纤检测微量样本悬浮颗粒浓度的装置.该装置采用了散射和透射两束光纤,且散射角度可调旨在寻找最优的测量角度.实验选用波长为785 nm的激光作为光源,在室温条件下,对酵母菌浓度测量进行了实验研究并用散透比和透射光两种方式处理数据.结果表明,酵母菌浓度为0～5%时,散透比与浓度呈近似线性关系;酵母菌浓度为5%～10%时,透射光与浓度呈近似线性关系,测量的误差范围小于土0.2%.该装置能实现微量样本的快速检测,在微机电系统(MEMS)领域具有较好的应用前景.     

中小跨钢桁悬索桥评估现存问题与对策

调查了目前建成及在建的这类悬索桥的基本情况，分析了其评估中的现存问题，对主缆工作性能、钢桁架稳定性以及特殊动荷载的处理等问题进行了相应的对策研究，为今后该类悬索桥的评估提供了指导。     

化学强化+悬浮填料活性污泥工艺设计

以上海市安亭中心镇污水处理厂为例,对化学一级强化处理工艺及悬浮填料活性污泥法作了介绍,并就这两种工艺组合成的二级强化处理工艺的工程应用作了技术和经济分析。     

Three experiential practices and their relation to psychoanalysis.

In this article, the author compares three experiential practices: the use of psychoanalytic evenly suspended attention, the adoption of the philosophical attitude of the phenomenological reduction, and the practice of Buddhist bare attention. Convergences and differences between these practices with respect to their uses, aims, and attendant qualities of consciousness are noted. Samples of patient-therapist interaction are used to demonstrate how these three experiential sets can operate synergistically in the course of psychoanalytic therapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

高浓度一体化含煤废水处理装置的研究

介绍了高浓度一体化含煤废水处理装置的组成及5-作原理.通过试验分析了混凝剂加入量、原水浊度、运行流速对装置运行情况的影响.试验结果表明:运行流速、投药量对装置的运行情况影响较大,而原水浊度对装置的运行几乎没有影响.