Partial nitrification of sludge reject water using suspended and granular biomass

BACKGROUND: Partial nitrification–Anammox is a combined promising advanced biological process for the removal of nitrogen from wastewater, which allows important savings in energy consumption, sludge production, and organic carbon. Granular biomass appears to be an interesting alternative to conventional activated sludge, mainly because of its better settling properties. This study deals with the experimental results of a comparison between a conventional and a granular sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for the partial nitrification of reject water. RESULTS: After some days of operation, 30 days in the conventional SBR (system A) and 100 days in the granular SBR (system B), partial nitrification was achieved. Granular sludge showed much better settling properties than suspended biomass, with values of sludge volumetric index (SVI₁₀) of 130 mL g^?1 in system A and 38 mL g^?1 in system B. Consequently, the solids concentration within the granular reactor was three times higher than for the conventional system while the concentration of solids in the effluent was 10 times higher in the conventional SBR. Morphology, microstructure and microbial populations in both systems were also studied. CONCLUSION: A partial nitrification process was successfully achieved in both systems, obtaining an effluent with a NO₂^?‐N/NH₄⁺‐N ratio near 1, suitable for a following Anammox process. Granular biomass, mostly formed by round particles, showed better settling properties, leading to better sludge–effluent separation as well as higher biomass retention in the reactor. The granulation process does not affect bacterial populations, since they were the same in both systems. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

微量样本中悬浮颗粒浓度的光纤检测装置研究

根据光的散射和透射理论,设计了一种用光纤检测微量样本悬浮颗粒浓度的装置.该装置采用了散射和透射两束光纤,且散射角度可调旨在寻找最优的测量角度.实验选用波长为785 nm的激光作为光源,在室温条件下,对酵母菌浓度测量进行了实验研究并用散透比和透射光两种方式处理数据.结果表明,酵母菌浓度为0～5%时,散透比与浓度呈近似线性关系;酵母菌浓度为5%～10%时,透射光与浓度呈近似线性关系,测量的误差范围小于土0.2%.该装置能实现微量样本的快速检测,在微机电系统(MEMS)领域具有较好的应用前景.     

中小跨钢桁悬索桥评估现存问题与对策

调查了目前建成及在建的这类悬索桥的基本情况，分析了其评估中的现存问题，对主缆工作性能、钢桁架稳定性以及特殊动荷载的处理等问题进行了相应的对策研究，为今后该类悬索桥的评估提供了指导。     

化学强化+悬浮填料活性污泥工艺设计

以上海市安亭中心镇污水处理厂为例,对化学一级强化处理工艺及悬浮填料活性污泥法作了介绍,并就这两种工艺组合成的二级强化处理工艺的工程应用作了技术和经济分析。     

Three experiential practices and their relation to psychoanalysis.

In this article, the author compares three experiential practices: the use of psychoanalytic evenly suspended attention, the adoption of the philosophical attitude of the phenomenological reduction, and the practice of Buddhist bare attention. Convergences and differences between these practices with respect to their uses, aims, and attendant qualities of consciousness are noted. Samples of patient-therapist interaction are used to demonstrate how these three experiential sets can operate synergistically in the course of psychoanalytic therapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

高浓度一体化含煤废水处理装置的研究

介绍了高浓度一体化含煤废水处理装置的组成及5-作原理.通过试验分析了混凝剂加入量、原水浊度、运行流速对装置运行情况的影响.试验结果表明:运行流速、投药量对装置的运行情况影响较大,而原水浊度对装置的运行几乎没有影响.     

高密,高强Al2O3陶瓷离心成型研究

采用平均粒度０ ．６μｍ ９９ Ａｌ２ Ｏ３ 原料 粉体，调制高浓度 、低粘度悬浮浆 料，离心成型 成圆筒状 坯体，经１６００ ℃常压烧结 ，获陶瓷制品。探 讨了浆料 配方 与离心 转速 对烧 结制品 三点 弯曲强度 等性能与体积密 度的影响。采用 本研究工 艺所获 制品的 三点 弯曲 强度 等性能 与体 积密度 高于国内通常的９９ Ａｌ２ Ｏ３ 陶瓷     

倾斜悬浮面高速磁浮列车被动导向特性研究

提出了一种集悬浮导向驱动于一体的倾斜悬浮面高速磁浮方案,以简化系统结构和增大电机驱动力.分别采用解析法和有限元法对该倾斜悬浮面高速磁浮电磁力进行了计算,并分析了列车发生平移或旋转后的被动导向特性及系统参数对导向性能的影响.分析结果表明:当列车发生水平位移或旋转时,系统产生的水平导向力及转矩会驱动列车恢复到水平平衡位置,...     

悬挂式输送链不同步现象改造及分析

分析了悬挂式输送链不同步的原因,提出了原有控制方式改造方案,通过几种方案的对比分析,最终确定采用可编程控制器PLC及变频器对双边链条运行出现的不同步进行自动调整的方式进行改造,并详细分析了该改造方案的可行性及实施方法。     

Effects of solar ultraviolet radiation and canopy manipulation on the biochemical composition of Sauvignon Blanc grapes

Background and Aims: New Zealand is exposed to relatively high solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation; such high irradiances of UV radiation having the potential to change the biochemical composition of plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of UV radiation and the role of canopy leaves on berry biochemical composition in Vitis vinifera var. Sauvignon Blanc. Sauvignon Blanc is the major grape variety grown in New Zealand. Methods and Results: Leaves were removed from around the fruiting zones of vines and screens that altered UV radiation exposures were placed over the grape bunches. Samples taken throughout development were analysed for changes in total phenolic compounds (including flavonols), amino acids and methoxypyrazines. Total phenolic compounds increased substantially in response to UV‐B exposure and this was reflected in changes taking place within the skins of the berries. Flavonol levels were determined by UV‐B radiation exposure and accumulated to maximum concentrations at veraison, subsequently declining to harvest. UV radiation did not have a significant effect on the majority of amino acids or methoxypyrazine concentrations. The most noticeable change in amino acid and methoxypyrazine accumulation was caused by the presence of leaves over the fruiting zone, retaining these leaves maintained significantly higher concentrations in the berries at harvest. Conclusions: UV‐B radiation determines the composition of flavonols in the skins of grapes. Amino acid and methoxypyrazine concentrations are not predominantly determined by UV‐B, but retention of leaves over the fruiting zone promotes their accumulation in berries. Significance: Canopy manipulations are routinely used commercially in the vineyard to help control vigour and reduce disease pressure. The findings presented here are important for viticulturists to understand how management of the vine leaf canopy can determine the biochemical composition of the grapes and can therefore, ultimately affect wine quality.