中小型综合性体育馆建筑声学处理方法的研究

目前,体育馆的功能与以往相比有了很大的扩展,除了体育训练和比赛外,还经常用于文艺表演、会议、音乐演出等需要,成为了典型的多功能厅.本文针对中小型体育馆的特点和使用功能,介绍了其分类、声学设计的标准、建声设计的内容以及噪声控制等各方面的内容,希望对读者有借鉴作用.     

上扬子地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组富有机质页岩岩相及沉积环境分析

贵州温水村剖面发育有一套完整的下寒武统牛蹄塘组富有机质黑色页岩,为厘清下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩岩相类型,明确不同岩相形成环境特征,通过采集25块该剖面页岩样品,进行岩石薄片观察、X射线衍射（全岩）分析、总有机碳含量（TOC）测定及主微量和稀土元素分析,划分出温水村剖面下寒武统页岩的岩相类型,并明确了该层位页岩的沉积环境和有机质富集特征,建立了沉积模式。根据TOC值、沉积构造和矿物组成,同时考虑岩石脆性特征,共划分出9类页岩岩相：①富有机质块状强脆性硅质细粒岩;②富有机质纹层状强脆性硅质页岩;③高有机质块状强脆性硅质细粒岩;④高有机质纹层状强脆性硅质页岩;⑤高有机质块状中等脆性硅/黏土混合质细粒岩;⑥中有机质块状强脆性硅质细粒岩;⑦中有机质纹层状强脆性硅质页岩;⑧低有机质块状强脆性硅质细粒岩;⑨低有机质纹层状中脆性硅/黏土混合质页岩。其中,前5类页岩相形成于深水缺氧、暖湿型气候和以低温热水沉积作用为主的环境,初级生产力和古盐度较高,有机质富集受控于古氧化还原条件、古生产力、古盐度、古水深、暖湿型气候和热液活动,而其他岩相有机质富集则不受热液活动影响,沉积环境初级生产力和古盐度有所下降;建立了一个受氧化还原条件、古生产力、古盐度、热液活动及暖湿型气候影响的深水陆棚相沉积模式。     

高抗冲聚苯乙烯粒子发灰原因分析及对策

针对高抗冲聚苯乙烯（HIPS）生产过程中出现的粒子发灰现象,从原料、聚合和脱挥单元分析了原因,并采取了相应对策。结果表明:原料苯乙烯的含氧储存环境、聚丁二烯橡胶（BR）中挥发分及氯离子含量高是导致产品粒子发灰的主要原因;将苯乙烯存储由有氧环境改为氮气环境,严格控制 BR 中挥发分质量分数小于 0.5%,且优选线型低顺式BR,可有效降低 HIPS 产品粒子发灰的几率。     

Suspended electrode kinetics of mechanically activated pyrite

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌａｃｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎｉｓｗｉｄｅｌｙａｐｐｌｉｅｄｉｎｅｎ ｈａｎｃｉｎｇｍｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｉｃａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ[1～ 3] ａｎｄｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓｙｎ ｔｈｅｓｉｓ[4 ,5] .Ｓｏｆａｒｉｔｉｓｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｔ     

Worker Exposure Monitoring of Suspended Particles in a Thermal Spray Industry

The purpose of the present work was the investigation and characterization of the quality of air in a thermal spray industry, in Greece. The activities that take place in the specific facility, as well as in most other similar industries, include thermal spraying and several mechanical and metallurgical tasks that generate airborne particles, such as grit-blasting, cutting and grinding of metallic components. Since the main focus of this work was the workers exposure to airborne particles and heavy metals, portable air samplers with quartz fiber filters, were used daily for 8 h. Three samplers, carried from different employees, were used for a period of 1 month. Results showed that both particles and heavy metals concentrations were low, even in the production site, which was the most susceptible area. The only exceptions were observed in the case of cleaning and maintenance activities in the thermal spray booth and in the case of spraying outside the booth. The main reason for the low concentrations is the fact that most of the activities that could produce high-particle concentrations are conducted in closed, well-ventilated systems. Statistical elaboration of results showed that particles are correlated with Ni, Cu, Co. The same conclusion is extracted for Fe, Mn. These correlations indicate possible common sources.     

Downstream Ecological Impacts of Controlled Sediment Flushing in an Alpine Valley River: A Case Study

Sediment flushing may be effective to tackle the loss of reservoir storage as a result of siltation. When operationally possible, the impact of this practice on the downstream aquatic environment can be mitigated by limiting the sediment concentration of the discharged waters (controlled sediment flushing). However, this topic is poorly documented, and concerns arise when limits are discussed. We present the results of a 3‐year field investigation concerning the controlled sediment flushing of a small reservoir on the Adda River, the main tributary of Lake Como—Italy. Two limits for suspended solid concentration (SSC) were adopted: 1.5 g L^?1, as average value throughout the whole working day, and 3.0 g L^?1, as alert threshold to adjust the ongoing activity. These constraints were essentially fulfilled in the course of the documented operations. The first year sediment flushing was more significant than the following year: 25 000 tons of fines below 2 mm in diameter were flushed in six non‐consecutive days in summer 2010, while, one year earlier, 75 000 tons were flushed in 16 non‐consecutive days. In the third year of investigation (2011), no sediment evacuation took place. The benthic macroinvertebrate and the fish communities were surveyed a short distance below the reservoir, that is, in the potentially more affected river reach. Clear pieces of evidence of environmental quality degradation were not detected; the adopted strategies can therefore be considered to be appropriate when planning sediment flushing management in comparable contexts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

河南省水生态文明建设试点城市生态系统健康评价

在总结城市生态系统的属性并分析其健康内涵的基础上, 通过频度统计法, 建立评价指标体系。采用海明贴 近度, 建立模糊物元模型, 对河南省第一批水生态文明城市建设试点郑州、 洛阳、 许昌 2000 年- 2013 年间城市生态 系统的健康水平进行评价, 分析影响城市生态系统健康发展的各要素, 结果表明: 郑州、 洛阳和许昌整体的城市生态 系统健康水平呈上升趋势, 但健康改善程度并不显著, 且部分指标有恶化趋势; 相同时期内, 城市生态系统的健康水 平排序由高到低依次为郑州、 洛阳、 许昌, 但其增长速率则为许昌最快、 郑州最慢; 各城市不同要素之间的健康程度 差别较大, 且不同城市各要素之间的协调性较低。因此, 未来应针对健康程度较差的要素重点发展, 提高各要素之 间的协调性, 进一步提高城市生态系统整体的健康水平。     

Agro-ecosystem modeling can aid in the optimization of biomass feedstock supply

Recent European Directives promoted the development of biofuels, requesting mandatory limits to their emissions ot greenhouse gases (GHG). Second-generation biofuels based on lignocellulosic biomass are prime candidates but their GHG emissions are variable and uncertain. Agro-ecosystem modeling can capture them and the performance of biofuel feedstocks.This study aimed at optimizing feedstock supply for a bioethanol unit in France, from agricultural residues, annual and perennial crops. Their productivity and environmental impacts were modelled on a regional scale using geo-referenced data on soil properties, crop management, land-use and future weather data. Several supply scenarios were tested. Cereal straw was the most efficient feedstock but had a low availability, and only miscanthus could meet the bioethanol plant's demand. Sorghum combined poor yields and high GHG emissions compared by miscanthus and triticale. A mix of three biomass sources used less than 3% of the regional agricultural land while abating GHG emissions by 60%.     

关于雾霾污染的现状及治理方案的探讨＊

雾霾是雾与霾的混合物,雾霾湿度相对较大时,雾所占的成分居多;而在相对湿度为80%～90%时,霾所占的比例较大。在雾霾天气下,人们在室外的能见度特别低,给行车出行带来很大的不便,同时,还会给人们的健康带来严重的威胁。主要对雾霾污染的现状进行了分析,并重点提出治理雾霾污染的有效方案。