Simultaneous neutron transmission and diffraction imaging investigations of single crystal nickel-based superalloy turbine blades

The integrity of turbine blades is at the heart of every operating aerospace engine or land-based gas turbine. In the most demanding environments, they are cast as single crystals. Whereas traditional neutron imaging is an excellent tool for the non-destructive testing in search of cracks or residual core material, it is insensitive to variations in crystallographic properties. In this work we show that by simultaneous imaging of the diffracted neutrons, one can also probe variations in crystal orientation. In a matter of seconds, different dendritic growth in two industrial turbine blades could be ascertained.     

铁精粉环境中圆形料场堆取料机的设计与应用

冶金行业的铁精粉属于大密度的散状物料,目前其存储大多采用露天条形料场的形式,存储过程中存在严重的物料浪费和环境污染问题。本文将在煤炭行业广泛应用的圆形料场系统引入到铁精粉环境中,详细介绍了铁精粉环境中的圆形料场堆取料机设计的关键点、运行工艺、使用维护等。实际工程应用表明,该系统可以很好地运用在铁精粉环境中,减少了铁精粉的浪费,并降低对环境的污染。     

风力发电机组独立变桨鲁棒自适应桨距角跟踪控制

在全面考虑风力发电机组桨叶所受各种载荷的情况下,建立了含有时变不确定项、未知载荷干扰的桨叶动力学数学模型,该模型精确描述了桨叶系统的非线性动力学行为。模型存在很多不确定时变参数和未知干扰项,针对这一复杂多变的桨叶模型,采用鲁棒自适应控制方法,成功设计了独立桨距角跟踪控制器。利用李雅普诺夫(Lyapunov)稳定性理论,证明了系统的稳定性。采用Matlab/Simulink仿真软件,建立了风力机组桨叶动力学仿真模型。仿真结果表明,所设计的桨叶桨距角控制器,在系统参数和所受干扰完全未知、不确定且时变的情况下,能够快速跟踪期望的桨距角,表现出良好的鲁棒性。     

双凹槽叶顶轴流风机噪声预估及叶片静力结构分析

叶顶结构型式对轴流风机性能、噪声及叶片静力特性等均有一定影响。以OB-84型带后置导叶的轴流式通风机为对象,采用Fluent数值模拟软件及Ansys有限元分析模块,通过比较开槽前后风机轴功率的变化探讨双凹槽叶顶结构的节能效果,分析了原叶顶及双凹槽叶顶下风机噪声及叶片的静力结构特性。研究表明:双凹槽叶顶下风机轴功率有所下降,设计工况下轴功率较原叶顶时下降了3.96%,可在一定程度下降低风机的能耗;双凹槽叶顶下风机噪声有较大幅度提高,设计工况下噪声较原叶顶时增长约14.88%,给风机正常运行带来不利影响;不同叶顶下叶片的静强度校核结果均满足要求,即采用双凹槽叶顶结构不会引起叶片的变形及断裂失效。     

Visualisierung der Partikelbewegung in einem Abweiseradsichter

In spite of its great importance for the dry classification of fine powders, the processes in deflector wheel classifiers are to a large extent unknown. Therefore, in the present work a commercial available classifier was modified to gain an optical access to the deflector wheel. For the first time, the obtained photographs enable an observation of the gas flow and the particle motion between the blades of the deflector wheel. Especially the importance of particle‐particle‐ and particle‐blade‐collisions could be shown.     

一种卧式多腔室连续捏合装备的应用

为实现捏合设备的连续捏合、安全装填,设计一种卧式多腔室连续捏合的装备。各腔室温度、功能桨叶转速、喂料速度直接影响产品的装填质量、装填密度以及设备产能。结果表明：随着物料配方的不同,对各功能桨叶的有效组配、桨叶外形的优化、各腔室物料网板的选择能有效提高产品捏合的均匀性和捏合质量。     

Determination of Solvent Systems for Blade Coating Thin Film Photovoltaics

With lab‐scale solution‐processed thin film photovoltaic (TFPV) devices attaining market relevant efficiencies, the demand for environmentally friendly and scalable deposition techniques is increasing. Replacing toxic halogenated solvents is a priority for the industrialization of solution‐processed TFPV. In this work, a generalized five‐step process is presented for fabricating high‐performance devices from nonhalogenated inks. Resulting from this process, several new solvent systems are introduced based on thiophene, tetralin, 1,2,4‐trimethylbenzene, o‐xylene, and anisole for blade coating of three different diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based (pDPP5T‐2, pPDPP5T‐2S, and P390) bulk heterojunctions applied in organic photovoltaic devices. Devices based on pDPP5T‐2S and P390 attain 5.6% and 6.1% efficiency, respectively, greater than the efficiency either material reached when processed from the halogenated solvent system commonly used. These processes are implemented without post‐deposition annealing treatments or additives. The Hansen solubility parameters of the pDPP5T‐2 material are obtained, and are used, along with wettability data on a variety of substrates, to determine optimum solvent combinations and ratios for deposition. This generalized five‐step process results in new nonhalogenated solvent pathways for the scalable deposition of thin film photovoltaic materials.     

Nonlinear dynamic behavior of rotating blade with breathing crack

This study aims at investigating the nonlinear dynamic behavior of rotating blade with transverse crack. A novel nonlinear rotating cracked blade model (NRCBM), which contains the spinning softening, centrifugal stiffening, Coriolis force, and crack closing effects, is developed based on continuous beam theory and strain energy release rate method. The rotating blade is considered as a cantilever beam fixed on the rigid hub with high rotating speed, and the crack is deemed to be open and close continuously in a trigonometric function way with the blade vibration. It is verified by the comparison with a finite element-based contact crack model and bilinear model that the proposed NRCBM can well capture the dynamic characteristics of the rotating blade with breathing crack. The dynamic behavior of rotating cracked blade is then investigated with NRCBM, and the nonlinear damage indicator (NDI) is introduced to characterize the nonlinearity caused by blade crack. The results show that NDI is a distinguishable indicator for the severity level estimation of the crack in rotating blade. It is found that severe crack (i.e., a closer crack position to blade root as well as larger crack depth) is expected to heavily reduce the stiffness of rotating blade and apparently result in a lower resonant frequency. Meanwhile, the super-harmonic resonances are verified to be distinguishable indicators for diagnosing the crack existence, and the third-order super-harmonic resonances can serve as an indicator for the presence of severe crack since it only distinctly appears when the crack is severe.     

600MW超临界机组低压转子叶片开裂分析

通过宏观形貌检查、化学成分分析、力学性能试验、金相组织检验、扫描电镜及能谱分析等对某600MW超临界机组汽轮机低压转子开裂的1Cr12Mo制次次末级叶片进行了试验分析。结果表明:叶片材料塑性偏低、冲击韧性较差,在高速运行中离心力形成的拉应力和蒸汽中Cl-、S2-等腐蚀介质的共同作用下,裂纹在应力集中的蚀坑部位萌生,然后从叶片出汽侧向叶片中部横向扩展,最终导致叶片发生应力腐蚀开裂。     

发动机叶片截面型线拟合算法比较

由于发动机叶片型面复杂且参数繁多,通常需对叶片各个截面进行检测,即把对叶片型面的检测转化为曲线测量,针对这一难题,研究了叶片截面型线的拟合算法。三次样条插值、Bezier曲线拟合、三次B样条曲线拟合是曲线造型具有代表性的三种方法,对比这三种方法的优缺点来确定适合叶片截面型线拟合的算法,并通过实例,利用三坐标测量机得到14组叶片截面型线的离散数据点,通过MATLAB编写程序来验证截面型线的拟合算法。根据三种方法理论上的优缺点和实验结果的图形显示对比可知,三次B样条曲线拟合的结果最为理想,该结论为叶片型面检测提供了依据。