基于亮度温度模型的多光谱真温反演算法研究

针对传统的非接触式真温反演算法存在反演速度慢和精度低等问题,提出新的基于亮度温度模型的约束真温反演算法(constrained true temperature inversion algorithm,CTTIA)。 在建模过程中,发现发射率和亮度温度存在内在联系:由亮度温度到发射率的普适规律和由发射率到亮度温度的普适规律。通过仿真实验发现当发射率的样本数量巨大时,CTTIA不但可以为实验提供理论指导,还可大大提升发射率样本的选取效率。在1 800 ℃和2 000 ℃两个温度点下建立9个波长通道对被测目标进行测量计算。结果表明,CTTIA与二次测量算法 (second measurement method,SMM) 相比,精度基本相同,反演时间最高节约了82%。说明该方法的研究是非常关键且重要的,是很有研究价值的。     

Degradation state analysis of the IGBT module based on apparent junction temperature

The multi-chip parallel insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is the core device in large-capacity power electronic equipment, but its operational reliability is of considerable concern to industry. The application of IGBT online degradation state analysis technology can be benefcial to the improvement of system reliability. The failure mechanism of IGBT devices is discussed in this paper, and a technique for analyzing the degradation state of IGBT based on apparent junction temperature is proposed. First, the distortion consistency of the voltage rise time in various failures is discussed, and the junction temperature dependence of the voltage rise time is then demonstrated. Subsequently, an apparent junction temperature model based on the voltage rise time is established (the ftting accuracy is as high as 94.3%). From the high-frequency model in the switching process of the device, an online extraction technology of key parameters (e.g., voltage rise time) is developed. Finally, an experimental platform for IGBT degradation state estimation is established, and the feasibility of IGBT degradation state estimation based on apparent junction temperature is proved, especially the degradation of bonding-wire and the gate-oxide-layer. The experimental results show that the proposed IGBT degradation state estimation technique based on apparent junction temperature is a reliable online estimation method with non-contact, high accuracy, and comprehensiveness.     

Polyether-b-Amide Based Solid Electrolytes with Well-Adhered Interface and Fast Kinetics for Ultralow Temperature Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries

Solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) are highly desirable for energy storage because of the urgent need for higher energy density and safer batteries. However, it remains a critical challenge for stable cycling of SSLMBs at low temperature. Here, a highly viscoelastic polyether-b-amide (PEO-b-PA) based composite solid-state electrolyte is proposed through a one-pot melt processing without solvent to address this key process. By adjusting the molar ratio of PEO-b-PA to lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide (ethylene oxide:Li = 6:1) and adding 20 wt.% succinonitrile, fast Li⁺ transport channel is conducted within the homogeneous polymer electrolyte, which enables its application at ultra-low temperature (−20 to 25 °C). The composite solid-state electrolyte utilizes dynamic hydrogen-bonding domains and ion-conducting domains to achieve a low interfacial charge transfer resistance (<600 Ω) at −20 °C and high ionic conductivity (25 °C, 3.7 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹). As a result, the LiFePO₄|Li battery based on composite electrolyte exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance with 81.5% capacity retention after 1200 cycles at −20 °C and high discharge specific capacities of 141.1 mAh g⁻¹ with high loading (16.1 mg cm⁻²) at 25 °C. Moreover, the solid-state SNCM811|Li cell achieves excellent safety performance under nail penetration test, showing great promise for practical application.     

成都市PM2.5、PM10变化特征及其与气象因素的关系

为研究气象因素对成都市大气细颗粒物 (PM2.5)、可吸入颗粒物 (PM10) 的影响, 收集了2015―2018 年成都市 PM2.5、PM10的月平均浓度, 采用Pearson 相关分析法, 分析了成都市PM2.5、PM10与气象条件的关系。结果表明： (1) 2015 ―2018 年, 成都市PM2.5、PM10年平均浓度虽然年际间差别较小, 但整体呈现逐年缓慢下降趋势, 2015 年以来成都市的 一系列大气污染控制措施是PM2.5、PM10逐年缓慢下降的原因; 2015―2018 年成都市PM2.5、PM10浓度季节变化特征整体 表现为冬季 > 春季 > 秋季> 夏季。(2) 不同气象因素对成都市PM2.5、PM10月平均浓度的影响程度不同, 降水量与气温 是影响成都市PM2.5、PM10月平均浓度的主要因素, 两者与PM2.5、PM10呈较高的负线性相关, 其中PM2.5、PM10与降水量 的相关系数均为 −0.612, 与月平均气温的相关系数分别为 −0.822、−0.776, 降水会通过捕获大气中的颗粒物来去除 PM2.5、PM10, 而温度的升高会加强PM2.5、PM10等污染物在垂直方向上的对流运动, 从而对成都市污染物浓度的降低起 到重要作用; 日照时数、月平均风速、相对湿度等与PM2.5、PM10月平均浓度整体也呈现负相关, 但与降水量和气温相 比, 日照时数、月平均风速与PM2.5、PM10月平均浓度的相关性较低, 而相对湿度与PM2.5、PM10月平均浓度的相关性则 更加微弱, 表明相对湿度的变化对成都市PM2.5、PM10的积累和扩散影响很小。     

Spring-Like Ammonium Salt Assisting Stress Release for Low-Temperature Deposited FAPbI3 Films Toward Flexible Photovoltaic Application

The substrates of conventional flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) are thermoplastic polymer material polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), which will deform during high temperature annealing process. In addition, lead iodide (PbI₂) permanently formed and the substrate undergoes reversible deformation from 20 °C to 200 °C and back to 20 °C. Therefore, to balance the substrate supporting capacity and the crystalline quality of narrow band gap α-phase formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI₃), an annealing process of 120 °C for 30 minutes is determined. Additionally, there will also be a large number of gaps and lattice strain at the perovskite grain boundaries during the annealing process as the FAPbI₃ phase transition is accompanied by much lattice shrinkage. As a result, 1,6-hexanediammonium diiodide (HADI) is chosen to passivate the defects and release the stress of perovskite film. Therefore, a recorded 1.4% extended stretch rate of the flexible film is attained. Finally, the champion PCE of 21.14% under AM 1.5G and 31.52% under 1062 lux is achieved after HADI treatment, accompanied by a better long-term and mechanical stability. This study provides annealing process optimization and stress relief strategies for the further development of narrow band gap FPSCs.     

Design of Online Vitals Monitor by Integrating Big Data and IoT

In this work, we design a multisensory IoT-based online vitals monitor (hereinafter referred to as the VITALS) to sense four bedside physiological parameters including pulse (heart) rate, body temperature, blood pressure, and peripheral oxygen saturation. Then, the proposed system constantly transfers these signals to the analytics system which aids in enhancing diagnostics at an earlier stage as well as monitoring after recovery. The core hardware of the VITALS includes commercial off-the-shelf sensing devices/medical equipment, a powerful microcontroller, a reliable wireless communication module, and a big data analytics system. It extracts human vital signs in a pre-programmed interval of 30 min and sends them to big data analytics system through the WiFi module for further analysis. We use Apache Kafka (to gather live data streams from connected sensors), Apache Spark (to categorize the patient vitals and notify the medical professionals while identifying abnormalities in physiological parameters), Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) (to archive data streams for further analysis and long-term storage), Spark SQL, Hive and Matplotlib (to support caregivers to access/visualize appropriate information from collected data streams and to explore/understand the health status of the individuals). In addition, we develop a mobile application to send statistical graphs to doctors and patients to enable them to monitor health conditions remotely. Our proposed system is implemented on three patients for 7 days to check the effectiveness of sensing, data processing, and data transmission mechanisms. To validate the system accuracy, we compare the data values collected from established sensors with the measured readouts using a commercial healthcare monitor, the Welch Allyn® Spot Check. Our proposed system provides improved care solutions, especially for those whose access to care services is limited.     

控制策略对机载雷达永磁电机峰值转矩影响分析

针对机载雷达用永磁电机对功率密度的苛刻要求与短时高过载和长时低负载转矩的工况特点,在分析表贴式永磁电机和内嵌式一字形、V字形永磁电机的气隙磁密特点基础上,对比研究了直轴电流为零控制策略和最大转矩电流比控制策略对电机输出峰值转矩的影响。研究结果表明,采用直轴电流为零控制策略,表贴式永磁电机具有更大的峰值转矩;采用最大转矩电流比控制策略,内嵌式V字形永磁电机具有更大的峰值转矩;三种类型电机,相同机载雷达应用工况下,内嵌式V字形永磁电机温升最低。     

城市生活垃圾焚烧炉温控制的多目标优化设定方法

为实现城市生活垃圾焚烧(MSWI)过程的炉温稳定并避免炉排温度过高的控制目标,本文提出一种通过炉排温度和一次风温间接控制炉温的多目标优化设定方法.通过融合分解与竞争策略,将WS变换、双向学习、随机交叉、动态高斯变异引入到多目标海鸥优化算法(MOSOA)中,得到一种改进的MOSOA(IMOSOA),根据炉温的设定值、误差等信息对炉排温度和一次风温的设定值进行寻优.实验结果表明IMOSOA的寻优能力显著增强,在干扰影响下,基于IMOSOA的多目标优化设定方法可实现MSWI过程炉温的控制目标,能有效促进垃圾焚烧过程的平稳运行.     

基于边权表示学习的乌克兰互联网变化感知

2022年2月至7月期间,网络攻防频繁发生,乌克兰部分地区间接受到断网影响,其境内和边界网络连通情况发生了改变,通过对时间变化拐点的感知和变化区域的分析可敏锐捕捉网络异常变化的细节,为网络威胁预警、网络关键基础设施风险评估等提供重要的信息支持。本文针对2022年2月至7月期间乌克兰自治系统的路由变化进行研究,构建乌克兰自治系统动态网络拓扑,介绍动态网络分析方法,监测乌克兰网络变化,分析断网的时间、地点,并感知断网后网络发生异常的地区。通过与现实事件的对比分析,映射出互联网结构变化感知结果与实体军事冲突的相关性,为从互联网空间观测复杂战场态势提供了信息支撑。     

直流±250 kV海底电缆J型管段载流量提升研究北大核心CSCD

J型管作为新型电力系统中新能源海上风电送出系统海底电缆的保护装置,其存在会阻碍海缆对外散热,制约整条风电送出线路的载流量。为了提高J型管段海缆载流量,文中建立了典型J型管段流体—温度耦合数值模型,仿真分析了环境风速、太阳辐射、环境温度对直流±250 kV海底电缆封闭J型管系统温度场的影响规律,确定J型管载流量瓶颈位置,提出了一种J型管外壁开孔配合平台开孔引入外界风的J型管载流量提升方法,验证了仿真模型与算法的正确性。结果表明与全封闭J型管系统相比,J型管外壁开孔配合平台开孔能有效降低海缆温度,环境风速较低为1 m/s时载流量可有效提升13.98%。研究结果为指导J型管设计提升J型管段海缆载流量提供了新的解决方案。