青萝卜真空薄层干燥动力学模型研究

研究了青萝卜在不同温度、真空度条件下的真空干燥特性。选取3个常用的薄层干燥数学模型,并采用非线性回归法对实验数据进行拟合,建立青萝卜薄层干燥数学模型。结果表明：青萝卜的干燥过程可以分为2个阶段,加速期和降速期,没有出现恒速期;比较各模型的相关系数R2,结果表明Page 模型拟合效果最好,并考察了温度和真空度对Page模型常数k和n的影响。经验证,该模型能准确地描述和预测青萝卜真空干燥过程中水分的变化规律。     

1株产细菌素植物乳杆菌的筛选及所产细菌素的理化性质分析

从浙江省生产的一种火腿制品中分离筛选到1株具有抑菌活性的乳酸菌菌株LH-09,对单核细胞增生李斯特菌ATCC54003的生长具有良好的抑制作用.16SrRNA序列同源性分析鉴定乳酸菌LH-09为植物乳杆菌.在排除有机酸、过氧化氢的干扰后,确定该抑菌物质为蛋白类物质,即细菌素.理化性质分析表明细菌素LH-09具有较好的热稳定性、酸碱稳定性,可被人体内蛋白酶降解.N-羟甲基甲基甘氨酸-SDS-PAGE电泳确定细菌素LH-09的分子质量在2～6 kDa之间.     

Craft Beer Microflora Identification Before and After a Cleaning Process

Although beer is a relatively safe product, growth of spoilage microorganisms can cause economic damage. The most effective way to prevent the spoilage of beer is to control contamination with adequate cleaning and sanitation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the microbial flora present both before and after a specific hygiene process was implemented during a brewpub's craft beer production. Various selective and differential culture media methods for the enumeration of beer‐spoilage species are available, but they are time consuming compared to modern techniques. The utilisation of accurate molecular methods, added to the routine microbiological analyses, allowed for the fast identification of common environmental contaminants of beer. A poor sanitation plan by the brewer resulted in microbial contamination of the brewpub. This result demonstrates the importance of good sanitation to avoid the presence of undesirable microorganisms in the product. A cleaning‐in‐place (CIP) method, in operation in many small breweries, could be utilised to prevent the occurrence of such brewery and beer microbial contaminants. In small breweries, the simplest CIP units consist of a single tank and a portable pump. This method requires no additional equipment besides a spraying ball, which is usually included in the design of most tanks.     

葡萄品种光合特性的研究

在葡萄浆果膨大期,用LI-6400便携式光合作用测定仪测定17个葡萄品种的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr),并进行各指标相关分析.结果表明:不同种的葡萄品种光合作用存在明显差异,欧美杂种的葡萄品种Pn通常高于欧亚种,欧美杂种康拜尔早生Pn最高,欧亚种白毕歌布尔和玫瑰香最低,且与其它品种之间差异显著.Pn与Gs、Tr显著相关,Gs与Ci、Tr显著相关.     

SVP（R8）法ClO_2制备系统的特点和试运行情况

详细介绍了在我国第一套投入试运行的ＳＶＰ（Ｒ８）法ＣｌＯ_２制备系统，从工艺、设备及操作几方面叙述了该技术的特点和试运行情况。     

Physicochemical changes occurring during post-harvest hardening of trifoliate yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) tubers

Processing of Dioscorea dumetorum tubers into flour could be a means of adding a longer-term value to this tropical plant with a high nutritional potential but which presents a post-harvest hardening problem. This study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of storage under prevailing tropical ambient conditions (19–28 °C, RH 60–85%) for 56 days on the physicochemical characteristics of flours produced from hardened tubers. With the exception of bulk density, the results showed that all the physicochemical properties measured (water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, water solubility index, hydrophilic–lipophilic index, swelling capacity and least gelatinising concentration) were significantly influenced by tuber storage time (P<0.05). In general, the physicochemical indices increased with storage in at least two phases, from days 2 to 21 and from days 28 to 56. Since sprouting of most tubers was observed after 28 days of storage, the results suggest that post-harvest hardening and sprouting influence the above-mentioned indices of flours produced from D. dumetorum tubers.     

刮刀涂布的流场分布及影响初探

对各种刮刀涂布过程的流体特性进行了分析。对各种条件下流场的分布，特别是旋涡的产生进行了研究。含有非球形颜料颗粒的非牛顿型涂料在各种流场的作用下，对最终涂层的性能可能起的作用，即对涂层中颗粒间排列的影响进行了讨论。并对在不同车速的条件下，对刮刀涂布机的选型提供了理论依据。     

Pig sire type and sex effects on carcass traits,meat quality and physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Serrano dry‐cured ham

This study demonstrates that improvements in animal line selection by breeding enterprises exert a strong effect on carcass traits, meat quality and sensory characteristics of Serrano dry‐cured ham. A total of 461 pigs from the offspring of a Duroc (DU) × Landrace (LD) sow mated with two DU boars and a DU × Large White (LW) boar from three breeding enterprises were evaluated. The two DU terminal sires were significantly different (P < 0.05) in carcass conformation, backfat thickness, ham and loin yields, raw ham traits, myoglobin concentration and total pigments formed during the curing process; in addition, the two lines provided different percentages of hams (54 vs 91%) with sufficient subcutaneous fat and weight to manufacture dry‐cured Serrano hams using a slow ripening process (11 months). The DU × LW sire had the best carcass and ham traits from an economic standpoint and obtained highest scores for sensory characteristics of Serrano ham evaluated by a trained panel test; furthermore, this line provided 84% of total hams suitable for manufacturing Serrano hams by a slow process. When the sex effect was analysed, carcass and ham traits of females were more favourable, but females presented a higher incidence of pale, soft and exudative (PSE) meat and a lower percentage of hams with sufficient subcutaneous fat and weight to produce Serrano hams using a slow ripening process (61% for females and 91% for castrates). On the other hand, castrates provided Serrano hams cured by a slow procedure with better organoleptic characteristics than females. Right and left hams were similar. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

仿刺参冷风干制工艺优化及不同干制方式的比较

以盐渍仿刺参为研究对象,以感官评分和脱水速率加权后的综合评分作为评价指标,采用单因素试验及响应面法对冷风干制(cold-air drying,CAD)工艺条件进行优化,并对CAD、真空冷冻干制(vacuum freeze drying,VFD)、热风干制(hot-air drying,HAD)和真空微波干制(vacuum microwave drying,VMD)工艺处理的仿刺参进行品质比较分析。结果表明:CAD最佳干制工艺条件为真空脱盐时间4.2 h、冷风温度19℃、冷风风速1.70 m/s,仿刺参的综合评分为0.77。在营养保持方面,VFD和CAD比HAD和VMD效果更好;在热收缩率方面,HADVMDCADVFD,其中CAD和VFD差异不大;在复水倍数方面,CADVFDHADVMD;在质构特性上,CAD和VFD质构指标明显优于HAD和VMD。对比结果说明CAD在工业生产中具有更高的实用性。     

长江源区变质岩带及研究意义

为了配合长江源变质岩区找矿和查明龙木错—双湖—澜沧江结合带变质特征,揭开结合带延伸之谜,近年笔者等在开展1∶25万赤布张错幅区域地质调查时,对区内变质岩进行了系统调查和总结,西南部亚恰一带首次发现一套变质岩,为研究唐古拉山地区乃至北羌塘坳陷东南部盆地基底特征和双湖—澜沧江变质带提供了重要的基础地质资料。