混杂PVA-ECC配合比优化设计及力学性能试验研究

为了降低工程用水泥基复合材料(ECC, Engineered Cementitious Composites)制造成本,使ECC能够在实际工程中大规模应用,将中国产PVA纤维和日本产PVA纤维以一定的比例混合,配制混杂PVA-ECC。基于ECC的材料设计理论,兼顾抗压强度和受拉能力,对掺有硅粉的混杂PVA-ECC中的纤维体积含量进行了优化设计。通过四点弯曲试验和轴心抗压试验,研究了混杂PVA-ECC在不同龄期下的弯曲性能和抗压性能。试验结果表明,混杂PVA-ECC试件均表现出明显的应变硬化和多缝开裂的特征,此外,其抗压强度后期增长明显。基于UM法,提出一种改进的反分析方法,可利用四点弯曲试验结果推导ECC的极限拉伸应变,并与试验结果进行了比较,结果表明,通过建议的反分析方法得到的预测值与试验值吻合较好。     

土的剪切动态空间滑动面及其强度准则分析

提出了多种动态空间滑动面及其相应的强度准则,分析了不同强度准则应力空间描述的强度破坏面,探讨了在多种动态空间滑动面下土强度准则的变化可能性及实用性。结果表明:对于方次动态空间滑动面,随着方次越高,其动态空间滑动面越垂直于小主应力坐标轴,平行于大主应力和中主应力平面,空间面上的正应力越来越接近于小主应力,而剪应力越来越退化;对于开方次空间滑动面,随着开方次越高,其空间滑动面越接近于正八面体面,空间面上的正应力和剪应力越来越平均化;对于方次空间滑动面强度准则,随着方次越高,其对应强度准则破坏面的规律性越来越差,强度准则随参数的变化也越来越敏感,只有在特定参数条件下其空间面才具有较好的规律性;对于开方次空间滑动面,随着开方次越高,越来越均化了三个主应力的贡献,开方次的次数和土的结构性强弱相关。     

砂土地基上圆形浅基础三维破坏包络面的理论研究

对砂土地基上圆形浅基础在竖向荷载V 、水平荷载 H 及力矩 M 复合加载条件下的承载力进行了系统的三维有限元分析。在分析中,砂土假定为纯摩擦材料,遵循基于 Mohr-Coulomb 破坏准则的理想弹塑性本构关系。首先,对圆形浅基础的竖向承载力进行了有限元计算,并与滑移线解法进行了对比,两种方法所得结果比较吻合。进而探讨了砂土内摩擦角对于基础在 V-H 、V-M荷载平面与V-H-M 三维荷载空间内的破坏包络轨迹的影响。计算结果表明,与不排水情况下软黏土地基上基础破坏包络面相比,砂土地基上圆形浅基础的破坏包络面形状有较大差异,但V-H 和V-M 平面内的破坏包络面形状仍具有较好的归一化特性。基于有限元计算结果,建立了圆形浅基础在V-H-M 三维荷载空间内的破坏包络面方程,该方程可用来合理评价复合加载条件下砂土地基上圆形浅基础的整体稳定性。     

饱水对岩溶灰岩力学性质与纵波波速的影响

为研究饱水对岩溶灰岩力学性质和纵波波速的影响,进行自然和饱水状态下岩样的力学性能和弹性波测试。试验结果表明:饱水对岩溶灰岩的单轴抗拉强度、抗拉强度和弹性模量有明显的软化作用,饱水状态试样的峰值应变和泊松比整体上大于自然状态的对应值;岩溶灰岩试样在饱水条件下的纵波波速均明显高于自然状态下的纵波波速,试样的单轴抗压强度和抗拉强度与纵波波速具有较高的线性相关性。基于目前的研究现状,阐述了研究成果在隧道与周边高压充填隐伏溶腔间防突岩层稳定性评价及最小防突厚度确定中的应用。     

Methodology for estimating probability of dynamical system’s failure for concrete gravity dam简

Methodology for the reliability analysis of hydraulic gravity dam is the key technology in current hydropower construction.Reliability analysis for the dynamical dam safety should be divided into two phases：failure mode identification and the calculation of the failure probability.Both of them are studied based on the mathematical statistics and structure reliability theory considering two kinds of uncertainty characters（earthquake variability and material randomness）.Firstly,failure mode identification method is established based on the dynamical limit state system and verified through example of Koyna Dam so that the statistical law of progressive failure process in dam body are revealed; Secondly,for the calculation of the failure probability,mathematical model and formula are established according to the characteristics of gravity dam,which include three levels,that is element failure,path failure and system failure.A case study is presented to show the practical application of theoretical method and results of these methods.     

Upper bound limit analysis of roof collapse in shallow tunnels with arbitrary cross sections under condition of seepage force

The analytical solutions for predicting the exact shape of collapse mechanisms in shallow tunnels with arbitrary excavation profiles were obtained by virtue of the upper bound theorem of limit analysis and variation principle according to Hoek-Brown failure criterion. The seepage force was included in the upper bound limit analysis, and it was computed from the gradient of excess pore pressure distribution. The seepage was regarded as a work rate of external force. The numerical results of roof collapse in square and circular tunnels with different rock parameters were derived and discussed, which proves to be valid in comparison with the previous work. The influences of different parameters on the shape of collapsing blocks were also discussed.     

Imperfect preventive maintenance for numerical control machine tools with log-linear virtual age process

Based on the log-linear virtual age process, an imperfect preventive maintenance policy for numerical control（NC）machine tools with random maintenance quality is proposed. The proposed model is a combination of the Kijima type virtual age model and the failure intensity adjustment model. Maintenance intervals of the proposed hybrid model are derived when the failure intensity increase factor and the restoration factor are both random variables with uniform distribution. The optimal maintenance policy in infinite time horizon is presented. A numerical example is given when the failures of NC machine tools are described by the log-linear process. Finally, a discussion is presented to show how the optimal results depend on the different cost parameters.     

高支纯亚麻嵌入式复合纱的工艺探讨

探究了利用嵌入式复合纺纱技术纺制高支纯亚麻纱.通过改造多功能纺纱小样机以实现嵌入式复合纺纱技术并对雨露沤麻过后的亚麻纤维进行化学脱胶和剪切处理,以70/30的比例和水溶性维纶短纤维混合制条做成粗纱后,在细纱机上纺制了嵌入式亚麻水溶性维纶复合纱,通过对成纱的强伸性、毛羽、条干均匀度的测试与比较进行了纺纱工艺的优化.结果表明,纺制20.7 tex亚麻水溶性维纶嵌入式复合纱的工艺最佳值为捻系数420、长丝预加张力7.5 cN、长丝与长丝间距8 mm、长丝与粗纱间距1.5 mm;经优化工艺试纺的20.7 tex亚麻水溶性维纶嵌入式复合纱,经退维处理后的纱线细度为8.9 tex;亚麻水溶性维纶嵌入式复合纱结构稳定、强力较高、条干均匀、毛羽少,为开发高档亚麻类面料提供了新的途径.     

可靠度理论在降雨入渗边坡工程中的应用——以元磨高速K253+(400~560)边坡为例

边坡工程是岩土领域研究的热点和难点,边坡工程的状态涉及众多参数,具有不确定性,可靠度理论能利用数学方法将边坡工程中随机不确定的参数与工程的安全性有机联系。以元磨高速公路K253+(400~560)段为例,通过Bishop法,运用极限平衡理论建立极限状态模型,进而推导极限状态方程;并利用Geo-studio对不同时段中边坡的降雨入渗情况进行分析,选取最不利状态为风险评价对象进行可靠度分析,验证JC法在边坡工程风险评价方法的可行性;同时对影响可靠度指标的变量进行敏感性分析,建议在此类地层相似的边坡加固方面,应该以主要提高土层整体的内摩擦角为主,在此基础上采取提高边坡岩土的黏聚力的治理措施更为有效。     

亚麻/聚丙烯复合材料的制备及拉伸、顶破性能

以亚麻纤维作为增强纤维,以聚丙烯纤维作为树脂基体,通过模压成型工艺方法,制备了绿色环保型亚麻/聚丙烯复合材料,主要研究了纤维长度、模压温度及保温时间对复合材料拉伸性能及顶破性能的影响.结果表明:模压温度对复合材料性能的影响最显著;当纤维长度为5 mm、模压温度为180℃、保温时间为40 min时,复合材料的拉伸性能最优;在纤维长度为5 mm、模压温度为170℃、保温时间为40 min时,复合材料的耐顶破性能最优.