Thermal Conductivity Measurement of an Electron-Beam Physical-Vapor-Deposition Coating

An industrial ceramic thermal-barrier coating designated PWA 266, processed by electron-beam physical-vapor deposition, was measured using a steady-state thermal conductivity technique. The thermal conductivity of the mass fraction 7 % yttria-stabilized zirconia coating was measured from 100 °C to 900 °C. Measurements on three thicknesses of coatings, 170 μm, 350 μm, and 510 μm resulted in thermal conductivity in the range from 1.5 W/(m·K) to 1.7 W/(m·K) with a combined relative standard uncertainty of 20 %. The thermal conductivity is not significantly dependent on temperature.     

真空热还原制锂工艺的技术经济分析

系统介绍了以碳酸锂为原料 ,加入石灰或铝氧土后 ,经焙烧、硅铁或铝粉真空热还原制取金属锂的工艺。本法与氯化锂熔体电解制取锂的工艺相比 ,具有产品成本低、纯度高、环境状况好的优点。     

Prediction of the energy dissipation rate in ductile crack propagation

In this paper, energy dissipation rate D vs. Δa curves in ductile fracture are predicted using a ‘conversion’ between loads, load‐point displacements and crack lengths predicted by NLEFM and those found in real ELPL propagation. The NLEFM/ELPL link was recently discovered for the DCB testpiece, and we believe it applies to other cracked geometries. The predictions for D agree with experimental results. The model permits a crack tip toughness R(Δa) which rises from J_c and saturates out when (if) steady state propagation is reached after a transient stage in which all tunnelling, crack tip necking and shear lip formation is established. J_R is always greater than the crack tip R(Δa) and continues to rise even after R(Δa) levels off. The analysis is capable of predicting the usual D vs. Δa curves in the literature which have high initial values and fall monotonically to a plateau at large Δa. It also predicts that D curves for CCT testpieces should be higher than those for SENB/CT, as found in practice. The possibility that D curves at some intermediate Δa may dip to a minimum below the levelled‐off value at large Δa is predicted and confirmed by experiment. Recently reported D curves that have smaller initial D than the D‐values after extensive propagation can also be predicted. The testpiece geometry and crack tip R(Δa) conditions required to produce these different‐shaped D vs. Δa curves are established and confirmed by comparison with experiment. The energy dissipation rate D vs. Δa is not a transferable property as it depends on geometry. The material characteristic R(Δa) may be the ‘transferable property’ for scaling problems in ELPL fracture. How it can be deduced from D vs. Δa curves (and by implication, J_R vs. Δa curves) is established.     

Effect of RE－Al－N on Structures and Properties of M2 Cast High Speed Steel

M 2highspeedsteel (M 2steel)isamaterialwidelyusedintoolsanddies[1,2 ] .M 2steelischarac terizedbyalongsolidificationrangeandcomplexeu tecticreactions ,whichresultsinsegregationofalloy ingelementsandformationofseveraldifferenttypesofcarbidesduringsolidification[3,4 ] .Forconventionallyprocessedhigh speedsteels ,itisinevitablethatacoarsecarbidenetworkwillbeformedduringsolidifi cation .Coarseprimarycarbidestendtoresultinun evencarbidebandsdistributionafterasubstantialamountofhotprocessing[5] .Ma…     

热带钢连轧机工作辊温度场和热凸度预报模型

采用一种具有较高精度的样条有限条法对轧制过程中工作辊的温度场和热凸度进行计算和预报。结果证明，该模型理论计算值与现场实测值吻合较好，可以较准确地计算和预报热带钢连轧机工作辊的热凸度。     

Thermal Evaluation of Scorched Graphite-Epoxy Panels by Infrared Scanning

A simple measurement system is described for evaluating damage to graphite-epoxy panels, such as those used in high-performance aircraft. The system uses a heating laser and infrared imaging system to measure thermal performance. Thermal conductivity or diffusivity is a sensitive indicator of damage in materials, allowing this thermal measurement to show various degrees of damage in graphite-epoxy composites. Our measurements track well with heat-flux damage to graphite epoxy panels. This measurement system, including analysis software, could easily be used in the field, such as on the deck of an aircraft carrier or at remote air strips.     

控制转炉炉壳蠕变变形

转炉采用镁碳砖炉衬后，炉壳温度急剧增加，炉壳的局部区域会发生永久变形。分析认为：炉壳的永久变形是由于蠕变变形引起，而不是塑性变形引起，给出了影响蠕变变形的因素，指出了控制炉壳蠕变变形的策略。     

香豆胶衍生物的化学结构及稳定性研究

将市售商品溶于水,用异丙醇沉析提纯,溶于0.1 mol/L NaNO3纯水溶液中,经0.5μm滤膜过滤后用水相凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)测定,测得香豆胶(FG)、羟丙基香豆胶(HPFG)、阳离子香豆胶(CFG)的数均、重均相对分子质量Mn、Mw分别为:1.19×105、3.36×105,8.52×104、2.85×105,9.33×104、2.87×105。用甘露聚糖链在碱性条件下醚化时发生降解,解释两种改性FG的相对分子质量较FG低而多分散性(Mw/Mn)较FG高的测试结果。认为商品FG的1%水溶液黏度(1300 mPa.s)高于商品HPFG和CFG(分别为705和610 mPa.s)的原因是前者相对分子质量较高且残渣含量也较高(~10%,后二者为1%~2%)。HPFG的取代度为0.12,根据文献发表的13C-NMR数据确认HPFG分子链上羟丙基取代位置为C6。讨论了香豆胶(半乳甘露聚糖)的化学结构。热重分析法测定的热稳定性,HPFG高于CFG,CFG又高于FG。图6表3参13。     

辽河催化裂化澄清油中间馏分热反应研究

采用先加入絮凝剂脱灰，再经减压蒸馏切割420～500℃馏分的方法，将辽河催化裂化澄清油预处理，考察了澄清油、加入絮凝剂脱灰后的澄清油以及脱灰后再减压蒸馏所得的中间馏分这3种原料在热转化过程中中间相的转化历程，并采用偏光显微镜观察热转化产物。结果表明，澄清油预处理效果明显，所得中间馏分具有较低的H／C原子比（nH／nC）和适宜的组成分布，是生产针状焦的理想原料。热转化产物的光学组织结构属于各向异性发达的广域-流线型结构。     

The flame retardant mechanism of polyolefins modified with chalk and silicone elastomer

This paper presents the current understanding of the flame retardant mechanism of Casico?. The study includes the flame retardant effect of each individual component: ethylene–acrylate copolymer, chalk and silicone elastomer, as well as the formation of an intumescent structure during heating. The flame retardant properties were investigated by cone calorimetry and oxygen index tests. To obtain insight into the flame retardant mechanism, heat treatment under different conditions has also been performed. The results indicate that the flame retardant mechanism of Casico is complex and is related to a number of reactions, e.g. ester pyrolysis of acrylate groups, formation of carbon dioxide by reaction between carboxylic acid and chalk, ionomer formation and formation of an intumescent structure stabilized by a protecting char. Special emphasis is given to the formation of the intumescent structure and its molecular structure as evaluated from ¹³C MAS‐NMR and ²⁹Si MAS‐NMR, ESCA and XRD analysis. After treatment at 500°C the intumescent structure consists mainly of silicon oxides and calcium carbonate and after treatment at 1000°C the intumescent structure consists of calcium silicate, calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.